1. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage

A. greater control of activities
B. Conserves time
C. Compatible with computerization
D. Promotes better interpersonal relationship

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'greater control of activities.' Having a decentralized staffing system allows for the delegation of decision-making to lower levels of the organization, which can result in greater control over activities. This can lead to quicker responses to issues and better alignment with specific departmental needs. Options B, C, and D do not directly relate to the advantage of a decentralized staffing system. While conserving time, compatibility with computerization, and promoting better interpersonal relationships are important considerations in staffing decisions, they do not specifically align with the advantage of greater control that a decentralized system provides.

2. Two objects with equal masses collide head-on, both initially moving at the same speed. After the collision, they stick together. What is their final velocity?

A. Zero
B. Half their initial velocity
C. Their initial velocity
D. Twice their initial velocity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In an inelastic collision like this, kinetic energy is not conserved, but momentum is. Since the total momentum before the collision was zero (equal and opposite velocities), it must be zero after the collision as well, resulting in both objects stopping.

3. Decomposers in an ecosystem play a vital role by:

A. Photosynthesizing and producing organic matter
B. Breaking down dead organisms and returning nutrients to the environment
C. Preying on herbivores and controlling their populations
D. Fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere and making it available to plants

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances. By doing so, they help to recycle nutrients back into the environment, making them available for other organisms to use. This process is essential for the functioning of ecosystems, as it ensures that nutrients are not lost but instead are continuously cycled through the ecosystem. Photosynthesis (option A) is the process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, and it is not a role of decomposers. Preying on herbivores (option C) is a role typically carried out by predators, not decomposers. Fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere (option D) is a process carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, not decomposers.

4. Which organ produces insulin?

A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Kidneys

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in producing insulin. Specialized cells within the pancreas, called beta cells, are responsible for synthesizing and secreting insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin.

5. The thymus gland, crucial for immune system development, is located in the:

A. Chest
B. Abdomen
C. Pelvis
D. Head and neck

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The thymus gland, an essential organ for immune system development, is located in the chest region, specifically in the upper part of the chest behind the breastbone. It plays a vital role in the maturation of T-cells, a type of white blood cell crucial for immune responses. The thymus gland is part of the lymphatic system and is most active during childhood and adolescence, gradually decreasing in size and function with age. Its location in the chest allows it to interact closely with other immune system components in the body, making it a key player in maintaining overall immune health.

6. Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal medulla and prepares the body for a stressful situation?

A. Testosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine (adrenaline)
D. Growth hormone

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine (adrenaline). Epinephrine is produced by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for preparing the body for a stressful situation, often referred to as the 'fight or flight' response. Testosterone is a hormone produced by the testes in males and in smaller amounts by the ovaries in females, responsible for male sexual characteristics. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex and plays a role in regulating metabolism and immune response. Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and is essential for growth, cell repair, and metabolism. Therefore, epinephrine is the hormone specifically produced by the adrenal medulla to prepare the body for stress.