Nursing Elites

1. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the

• A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
• B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
• C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
• D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice.' Path-Goal theory emphasizes the leader's role in motivating and guiding their team to achieve goals. This behavior aligns with the theory as it focuses on empowering employees to take ownership of their actions and responsibilities. By challenging staff to be individually accountable, the leader is providing clear direction and support, which can enhance motivation and performance within the team. Recognizing and rewarding staff for going beyond expectations (option A) would be more aligned with a transformational leadership style. Admonishing staff for being laggards (option C) and reminding staff about sanctions (option D) are not effective leadership behaviors according to the Path-Goal theory, as they do not focus on motivating and supporting employees to reach their goals.

2. What literary device is used in the line "The sea whispered secrets to the shore"?

• A. Alliteration
• B. Personification
• C. Onomatopoeia
• D. Hyperbole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sentence gives human qualities to the sea, like whispering, creating personification.

3. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, is released in response to low blood sugar levels and stimulates the release of glucose into the bloodstream?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is released in response to low blood sugar levels, also known as hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels drop, glucagon acts to stimulate the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, helping to raise blood sugar levels back to a normal range. Insulin, on the other hand, is released in response to high blood sugar levels and helps to lower blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells. Cortisol is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism. Therefore, glucagon is the hormone specifically responsible for stimulating the release of glucose into the bloodstream in response to low blood sugar levels.

4. A temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain is called:

• A. Stroke
• B. Seizure
• C. Syncope (fainting)
• D. Coma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Syncope (fainting)". Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. During syncope, there is a brief interruption in the brain's blood supply, leading to a temporary loss of consciousness and muscle tone. This is different from a stroke (A), which is caused by a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain, resulting in permanent damage. Seizures (B) involve abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can cause a variety of symptoms, including loss of consciousness, but they are not specifically due to insufficient blood flow. Coma (D) is a state of prolonged unconsciousness where a person is unresponsive and cannot be awakened. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain is syncope.

5. Which of the following is NOT a common site for lymph nodes?

• A. Groin
• B. Armpit
• C. Neck
• D. Liver

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Liver.' Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the lymphatic system. They are commonly found in areas such as the groin, armpit, and neck, where they help filter and trap harmful substances. The liver, while an important organ in the body, does not typically contain lymph nodes. Therefore, it is not a common site for lymph nodes. Understanding the locations of lymph nodes in the body is important for identifying potential sources of infection or cancer when assessing patients.

6. What is the least common multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6?

• A. 24
• B. 12
• C. 6
• D. 3

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The LCM is the smallest number that is a multiple of both 4 and 6. We can find this by listing out the multiples of each number until we find a common value. In this case, 12 is the first number divisible by both 4 (4 x 3) and 6 (6 x 2).

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