Nursing Elites

1. A rectangular bandage measures 5cm by 8cm. What is the area covered by the bandage?

• A. 10cm
• B. 13cm
• C. 40cm^2
• D. 64cm^2

Correct answer: C

Rationale: 40cm^2: Multiply the length (5cm) by the width (8cm).

2. Imagine you have an element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40. How many neutrons does it have?

• A. 20
• B. 40
• C. 10
• D. 20

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom. In this case, the atomic number is 20. - The mass number (A) represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. In this case, the mass number is 40. - To find the number of neutrons, you subtract the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number. - Neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20. - Therefore, the element with atomic number 20 and mass number 40 has 20 neutrons.

3. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing. When it contracts, what happens?

• A. Air is expelled from the lungs.
• B. The lungs expand to allow air intake.
• C. The vocal cords vibrate to produce sound.
• D. The trachea narrows to control airflow.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs. When it contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. This downward movement of the diaphragm allows the lungs to expand, which lowers the air pressure inside the lungs. As a result, air from the outside rushes in to equalize the pressure, leading to inhalation. Therefore, when the diaphragm contracts, it facilitates the intake of air into the lungs, making option B, 'The lungs expand to allow air intake,' the correct answer.

4. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant public health threat because they are:

• A. Well-understood by medical professionals
• B. Easily treatable with existing antibiotics
• C. New, rapidly evolving, and can spread quickly
• D. Primarily affect animals and not humans

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant public health threat because they are characterized by being new or newly identified diseases that are rapidly evolving. These diseases can spread quickly within populations due to factors such as globalization, travel, urbanization, and changes in climate. EIDs often present challenges to medical professionals as they may not be well-understood initially, making it difficult to develop effective treatments or preventive measures. While some EIDs can be treatable with existing antibiotics, the rapid evolution of these diseases can lead to the development of drug resistance, further complicating treatment efforts. Additionally, EIDs are not limited to affecting animals; they can also have serious implications for human health and well-being.

5. What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

• A. Stores genetic information
• B. Decodes genetic information
• C. Provides energy for the process
• D. Transports amino acids to the ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by decoding the genetic information stored in DNA and carrying it to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. This process involves transcription, where RNA is synthesized from DNA, and translation, where the information in RNA is used to assemble amino acids into proteins. RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes, ensuring that the correct sequence of amino acids is used to build proteins according to the genetic code. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice as it accurately describes the role of RNA in protein synthesis.

6. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• A. Linear
• B. Circular
• C. Double helix
• D. Straight chain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The shape of the DNA molecule is a double helix. This structure was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. The double helix shape consists of two strands that are twisted around each other in a spiral. This shape allows DNA to be compactly stored within the cell nucleus and provides stability to the molecule. The other options (A) Linear, (B) Circular, and (D) Straight chain do not accurately describe the shape of the DNA molecule.

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