Nursing Elites

1. The order of operations (PEMDAS) dictates the sequence for evaluating mathematical expressions. If a = 2 and b = -3, what is the value of 3a^2 - 2ab + b^2?

• A. -3
• B. 0
• C. 33
• D. 15

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Following PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division from left to right, Addition and Subtraction from left to right), we start with exponents: 3(2^2) - 2ab + b^2. Then, multiply: 3(4) - 2ab + b^2. Next, perform the multiplication/division from left to right: 12 - 2ab + b^2. Finally, add/subtract from left to right: 12 + (-2)(2)(-3) + (-3)^2. Evaluate the remaining terms: 12 + 12 + 9. The answer is 33.

2. The network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues is the:

• A. Circulatory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Lymphatic system
• D. Respiratory system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and ducts that play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. Unlike the circulatory system (A), which primarily transports blood, the lymphatic system is specifically designed for this drainage function. The digestive system (B) is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, while the respiratory system (D) is involved in the exchange of gases. Therefore, the lymphatic system is the correct answer for this question as it is uniquely tasked with managing tissue fluid balance and waste removal.

3. Which molecule is responsible for storing and providing a quick source of energy during short bursts of intense physical activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting?

• A. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
• B. Glucose
• C. Myoglobin
• D. Lactic Acid

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell and is responsible for storing and providing quick energy during short bursts of intense physical activity. When muscles require immediate energy for activities like weightlifting or sprinting, ATP is broken down to release energy rapidly. Glucose is a source of energy but needs to be converted into ATP before it can be used by the muscles. Myoglobin is a protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells, not energy. Lactic Acid is produced during intense exercise but is not a direct source of quick energy like ATP.

4. Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentence: "Neither Michael nor Sarah ____ their homework finished yet."

• A. has
• B. have
• C. are having
• D. does have

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When referring to "neither" followed by two subjects, the verb agrees with the plural subject ("Sarah"). So, "have" is the correct answer.

5. What is the term for a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness?

• A. Cramp
• B. Spasm
• C. Tic
• D. Fibrosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Spasm.' A spasm is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness. Cramps are a type of spasm characterized by intense, localized pain and temporary muscle tightness. Tics are repetitive, involuntary movements or vocalizations. Fibrosis refers to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, not related to muscle contractions. Therefore, 'spasm' best fits the description provided in the question.

6. When magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced. What evidence suggests a chemical reaction is occurring?

• A. A change in color
• B. The formation of a gas
• C. Dissolving in a liquid
• D. No change in temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The formation of a gas.' When magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced as one of the products. The formation of a gas is a clear indicator of a chemical reaction taking place. This is known as a gas evolution reaction, where a gas is produced as a result of a chemical reaction. The other options do not specifically indicate a chemical reaction. A change in color or dissolving in a liquid could occur in physical changes as well, and no change in temperature does not necessarily rule out a chemical reaction as some reactions are endothermic or exothermic.

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