Nursing Elites

1. What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system used for in gene editing?

• A. To amplify specific DNA sequences.
• B. To cut DNA at specific locations.
• C. To deliver genes into cells.
• D. To sequence entire genomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool used in gene editing to precisely target and cut DNA at specific locations within the genome. This system consists of a guide RNA that directs the Cas9 enzyme to the desired DNA sequence, where it creates a double-strand break. This break can then be repaired by the cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms, allowing for the introduction of specific genetic modifications. Options A, C, and D do not accurately describe the primary function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in gene editing.

2. The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, plays a crucial role in endocrine regulation. It secretes GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH. What is the MAIN function of FSH and LH?

• A. Regulate blood sugar levels
• B. Control growth and development
• C. Stimulate the fight-or-flight response
• D. Maintain calcium homeostasis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Control growth and development.' FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone) are essential hormones produced by the pituitary gland in response to GnRH from the hypothalamus. FSH plays a key role in stimulating the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. LH triggers ovulation in females and stimulates the production of testosterone in males. These hormones are crucial for the reproductive system and play a major role in controlling growth and development during puberty and throughout adulthood. Therefore, the main function of FSH and LH is not to regulate blood sugar levels, stimulate the fight-or-flight response, or maintain calcium homeostasis, making options A, C, and D incorrect.

3. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood. What is the main nitrogenous waste product the kidneys eliminate?

• A. Carbon dioxide
• B. Ammonia
• C. Urea
• D. Glucose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urea. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood to maintain a proper balance of electrolytes and remove toxins. Urea is the main nitrogenous waste product formed from the breakdown of proteins in the liver. It is then excreted by the kidneys through urine. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration and is eliminated primarily through the lungs. Ammonia is a toxic compound that is converted to urea in the liver before being excreted by the kidneys. Glucose is a sugar that is normally reabsorbed by the kidneys and not excreted as waste.

4. If 3 nurses can care for 15 patients, how many nurses are needed for 25 patients?

• A. 4
• B. 5
• C. 6
• D. 7

Correct answer: B

Rationale: 3 nurses / 15 patients = x nurses / 25 patients. Solve for x.

5. The liver plays a vital role in digestion. What is one of the main functions of the liver in the digestive system?

• A. Physical breakdown of food
• B. Production of digestive enzymes
• C. Storage and processing of nutrients
• D. Elimination of waste products

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Storage and processing of nutrients.' The liver is a crucial organ in the digestive system as it performs various functions such as storing nutrients like glucose, vitamins, and minerals, processing nutrients by converting them into usable forms for the body, and regulating their distribution to different parts of the body. While the physical breakdown of food primarily occurs in the mouth and stomach, and the production of digestive enzymes mainly happens in the pancreas and small intestine, the liver's main role is to manage and store the nutrients obtained from the digested food. Therefore, option C is the correct choice for the main function of the liver in the digestive process.

6. A birthday party hat has a cone-shaped top with a radius of 5cm and a height of 12cm. What is its volume?

• A. 60 cu cm
• B. 120 cu cm
• C. 150 cu cm
• D. 180 cu cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Use the formula for volume of a cone: (1/3) * π * (radius)^2 * height. Substitute the values: (1/3) * π * (5cm)^2 * 12cm ≈ 150 cu cm.

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