Nursing Elites

1. What is the process by which a large, unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing neutrons and energy?

• A. Alpha decay
• B. Beta decay
• C. Gamma decay
• D. Nuclear fission

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nuclear fission involves splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller fragments, releasing neutrons and energy.

2. Where are most of the body's immune cells located?

• A. Blood
• B. Brain
• C. Skin
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - The majority of the body's immune cells are located in the blood. Immune cells, such as white blood cells (leukocytes), circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream to detect and fight off infections and foreign invaders. - While immune cells are also present in other parts of the body like the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, the blood serves as a primary conduit for immune cells to travel to different tissues and organs to carry out their functions. - The brain (option B) is protected by the blood-brain barrier, which limits the entry of immune cells into the brain to prevent inflammation and damage. - The skin (option C) contains immune cells like Langerhans cells that help protect against pathogens, but the largest concentration of immune cells is found in the blood. - The large intestine (option D) also houses a significant amount of immune cells due to its role in interacting with the external environment through

3. During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles?

• A. Atrial diastole
• B. Ventricular systole
• C. Atrial systole
• D. Ventricular diastole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atrial systole. During the cardiac cycle, the atria contract during atrial systole, pushing blood into the ventricles. This phase occurs after atrial diastole when the atria fill with blood. Ventricular diastole (option D) is when the ventricles relax and fill with blood, preparing for ventricular systole (option B), which is when the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. Atrial systole is crucial for ensuring efficient filling of the ventricles before they contract, making it a key phase in the cardiac cycle.

4. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

• A. Transcribes DNA into mRNA
• B. Decodes the genetic code on mRNA
• C. Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes bas(a) Carries amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA), not ribosomal RNA. (b) Reads the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of the ribosomes as a whole, not just the ribosomal RNA. (d) Controls the rate of protein synthesis: This is a more complex process involving various factors, not solely ribosomal RNA. ? ed on the mRNA
• D. Modifies the structure of proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.

5. What is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis?

• A. Interphase
• B. Telophase
• C. Cytokinesis
• D. G1 phase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Interphase (option A) is not the final stage of mitosis or meiosis; it is the phase before cell division where the cell prepares for division by growing and replicating its DNA. - Telophase (option B) is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis. During telophase, the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense. - Cytokinesis (option C) is the process of dividing the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. While it occurs after telophase, it is not considered the final stage of mitosis or meiosis. - G1 phase (option D) is the first gap phase in the cell cycle, occurring before DNA replication. It is not the final stage of mitosis or meiosis.

6. The control center of the cell, containing genetic information (DNA), is the:

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Ribosome
• C. Nucleus
• D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nucleus. The nucleus is the control center of the cell as it contains the cell's genetic material, DNA. It acts as the brain of the cell, regulating gene expression and controlling cell activities. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and processing proteins, the ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and the endoplasmic reticulum is essential for protein and lipid synthesis. However, none of these organelles house the genetic information of the cell, making the nucleus the correct answer in this case.

Similar Questions