1. Which of the following nutrients is essential for muscle growth and repair?

A. Vitamin C
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrates
D. Fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein. Protein is essential for muscle growth and repair because it provides the necessary building blocks called amino acids. These amino acids are crucial for repairing and building muscle tissue, which is essential for overall muscle growth and recovery. While vitamins like Vitamin C play a role in overall health and immune function, they are not directly involved in muscle growth and repair. Carbohydrates provide energy for workouts, but they are not the primary nutrient needed for muscle repair. Fat is important for overall health but is not as directly involved in muscle growth and repair as protein is.

2. The passage implies that achieving energy sustainability requires...

A. solely relying on renewable energy sources for electricity generation.
B. a combination of advancements in renewable energy production and management technologies.
C. prioritizing economic benefits over environmental concerns when making energy choices.
D. focusing solely on reducing energy consumption without addressing production sources.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The passage emphasizes the need for both increasing renewable energy and managing its fluctuations, suggesting B as the key to sustainability.

3. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for storing energy?

A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Kidneys
D. Adipose tissue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - Adipose tissue, commonly known as body fat, is the main organ responsible for storing energy in the form of triglycerides. - The liver plays a role in energy metabolism by regulating glucose levels and storing glycogen, but its primary function is not energy storage. - The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body and does not play a significant role in energy storage. - The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering blood and regulating fluid balance, but they are not primarily involved in energy storage.

4. A person is pushing a box across the floor. Which of the following forces is NOT doing work?

A. The person's pushing force
B. The normal force from the floor
C. The gravitational force on the box
D. The frictional force between the box and the floor

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the force applied in the direction of motion multiplied by the distance moved. Since the normal force acts perpendicular to the motion, it does not contribute to work.

5. In which part of the cell are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged for transport?

A. Ribosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport. After proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), they are transported to the Golgi apparatus where they undergo post-translational modifications and are sorted into vesicles for transport to their final destinations. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and folding, and lysosomes are responsible for digesting cellular waste. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Golgi apparatus, as it is specifically involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for transport.

6. A large geographic area characterized by similar climate, plants, and animals is called a:

A. Population
B. Community
C. Biome
D. Ecosystem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area. B) Community refers to all the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area. C) Biome is a large geographic area characterized by similar climate, plants, and animals. Biomes are defined by factors such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation types. D) Ecosystem refers to a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. An ecosystem can be part of a biome.