Nursing Elites

1. Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers. This is called

• A. Atrophy
• B. Hypertrophy
• C. Dom (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
• D. Spasm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Muscle soreness after exercise is commonly caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers, leading to a condition known as Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Atrophy refers to the shrinking of muscle due to inactivity or lack of use, which is not the cause of muscle soreness after exercise. Hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size through exercise, not related to muscle soreness. Spasm is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction unrelated to the micro-tears that cause muscle soreness. Therefore, the correct answer is C, DOMS, as it specifically addresses the micro-tears in muscle fibers that result in post-exercise soreness.

2. The pancreas releases a number of digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Which of the following enzymes is NOT produced by the pancreas?

• A. Trypsin (protein digestion)
• B. Amylase (carbohydrate digestion)
• C. Lipase (fat digestion)
• D. Lactase (sugar digestion)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amylase (carbohydrate digestion). The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food components. Trypsin is produced by the pancreas for protein digestion, lipase for fat digestion, and lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine for breaking down lactose (sugar). Amylase, on the other hand, is primarily produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas to break down carbohydrates into simple sugars. Therefore, amylase is not a pancreatic enzyme for digestion, making it the correct answer in this question.

3. Which of the following is NOT a type of asexual reproduction in bacteria?

• A. Binary fission
• B. Conjugation
• C. Budding
• D. Transduction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Binary fission: This is a common method of asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. B) Conjugation: This is a process in which genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells through direct cell-to-cell contact, leading to genetic recombination. C) Budding: Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. D) Transduction: Transduction is a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria). It is not a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Transduction, as it is not a type of asexual reproduction in bacteria but a mechanism of genetic exchange.

4. A set of temperature readings has a range of 5 degrees Celsius. What does this tell you about the data?

• A. The average temperature is 5 degrees Celsius.
• B. All temperatures are within 5 degrees of each other.
• C. The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures is 5 degrees.
• D. There are exactly 5 temperatures in the set.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Option A is incorrect because the range of 5 degrees does not necessarily mean that the average temperature is 5 degrees Celsius. The average temperature could be any value within the range. - Option B is incorrect because the range of 5 degrees does not mean that all temperatures are within 5 degrees of each other. It only indicates the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures. - Option C is correct because the range of 5 degrees specifically refers to the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures in the set. This is a common definition of range in statistics. - Option D is incorrect because the range of 5 degrees does not determine the number of temperatures in the set. The set could have more or fewer than 5 temperatures.

5. Which type of energy is possessed by an object in motion?

• A. Potential energy
• B. Kinetic energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Chemical energy

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object in motion.

6. Which element is used in fluorescent lamps and emits ultraviolet light when excited?

• A. Mercury
• B. Neon
• C. Argon
• D. Krypton

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mercury vapor in fluorescent lamps generates UV light that excites phosphors on the lamp's inner surface, producing visible light.

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