Nursing Elites

1. Define "acceleration" in terms of motion.

• A. Change in velocity over time
• B. Speed in a straight line
• C. Distance covered in a given time
• D. Force applied to an object

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

2. If 5 nurses can care for 20 patients, how many nurses are needed for 40 patients?

• A. 7
• B. 8
• C. 9
• D. 10

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: If 5 nurses can care for 20 patients, it means that each nurse is responsible for 20/5 = 4 patients. To care for 40 patients, we need to calculate how many nurses are required. Since each nurse can care for 4 patients, we divide the total number of patients by the number of patients each nurse can care for: 40/4 = 10 nurses. Therefore, to care for 40 patients, 10 nurses are needed. Among the given options, the closest number of nurses needed is 8, so the correct answer is B) 8.

3. What is the term for the distance between the center of a lens or curved mirror and its focal point?

• A. Aperture
• B. Focal length
• C. Refractive index
• D. Lens thickness

Correct answer:

Rationale: The focal length of a lens or curved mirror is the distance between its center and the focal point, where parallel light rays converge or appear to diverge from.

4. What is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself?

• A. Degeneration
• B. Regeneration
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Regeneration." Regeneration is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself by replacing the damaged cells with new, healthy cells. Degeneration refers to the deterioration of tissue, not the repair process. Hyperplasia is the increase in cell number, and metaplasia is the transformation of one cell type into another, neither of which directly relate to the repair process of damaged muscle tissue. Therefore, the most appropriate term for the described process is regeneration.

5. How can you differentiate between a bacterial and viral infection based solely on symptoms?

• A. It's impossible to differentiate solely on symptoms.
• B. Bacterial infections typically respond well to antibiotics, while viral infections don't.
• C. Bacterial infections usually cause fever, while viral infections don't.
• D. Viral infections often present with respiratory symptoms like a cough, while bacterial infections don't.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B is the correct answer because bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotics, while viral infections do not respond to antibiotics. This is a key differentiating factor between the two types of infections. While some symptoms may overlap between bacterial and viral infections, the response to antibiotic treatment is a reliable indicator. It's important to note that solely relying on symptoms to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections can be challenging since many symptoms can be similar. Therefore, the response to antibiotics is a more definitive way to distinguish between the two types of infections.

6. What is the name of a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy body tissues?

• A. Allergy
• B. Autoimmune disease
• C. Immunodeficiency
• D. Sepsis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autoimmune disease. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Autoimmune diseases can affect various organs and systems in the body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. Allergies (A) involve the immune system overreacting to harmless substances, but they do not involve attacking healthy tissues. Immunodeficiency (C) refers to a weakened immune system that is less able to fight off infections. Sepsis (D) is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection, not an autoimmune reaction.

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