Nursing Elites

1. A satellite orbits the Earth at constant speed. Which force is responsible for its circular motion?

• A. Gravitational force from the Earth
• B. Thrust from the satellite's engine
• C. Friction between the satellite and the atmosphere
• D. Normal force from the Earth's surface

Correct answer: A

Rationale: This force acts towards the Earth's center, providing the centripetal force required for the satellite to move in a circle.

2. Which sentence uses parallel structure correctly?

• A. I enjoy reading, watching movies, and to spend time with friends.
• B. Reading, watching movies, and spending time with friends are all activities I enjoy.
• C. like to read, watch movies, and spend time with friends.
• D. Reading, movies, and friends are all things I enjoy.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Parallel structure means using the same grammatical form for elements in a list. Option (b) uses parallel gerunds ("reading," "watching," "spending"), making it the correct choice.

3. Which word completes the sentence "He was ____ by the unexpected turn of events."

• A. elated (joyful)
• B. bewildered (confused)
• C. vindicated (justified)
• D. apathetic (uninterested)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Bewildered" best describes the confusion caused by the unexpected events.

4. How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

• A. Both enzymes are identical in function and structure.
• B. RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis.
• C. RNA polymerase can synthesize both RNA and DNA.
• D. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, unlike DNA polymerase.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are not identical in function and structure. They have different roles in the cell. B) This statement is correct. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase can start the synthesis of RNA de novo. C) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase is specialized for synthesizing RNA, not DNA. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA. D) This statement is correct. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, while DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA.

5. The phenomenon responsible for the creation of rainbows is:

• A. Reflection only
• B. Diffraction
• C. Refraction and reflection
• D. Polarization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Refraction and reflection. Rainbows are formed when sunlight is refracted and reflected inside raindrops. The sunlight entering the raindrop is refracted, then internally reflected off the back surface of the droplet, and finally refracted again as it exits the droplet. This dispersion of light causes the separation of colors we see in a rainbow. Reflection alone (option A) does not account for the formation of rainbows. Diffraction (option B) is the bending of light around obstacles, not the main mechanism behind rainbows. Polarization (option D) refers to the orientation of light waves, which is not the primary process involved in creating rainbows.

6. The fatty sheath that insulates some nerve fibers and speeds up signal transmission is called the:

• A. Myelin sheath
• B. Dura mater
• C. Pia mater
• D. Arachnoid mater

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds and insulates certain nerve fibers. It acts as an electrical insulator, speeding up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon. This insulation helps to prevent signal loss or interference, allowing for faster and more efficient communication between neurons. The other options, B: Dura mater, C: Pia mater, and D: Arachnoid mater, are all layers of the meninges that protect the brain and spinal cord, but they do not play a role in insulating nerve fibers for signal transmission like the myelin sheath does.

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