Nursing Elites

1. What is the difference between a homozygous recessive genotype and a homozygous dominant genotype?

• A. Both have the same phenotype, but different genotypes.
• B. Both have the same genotype, but different phenotypes.
• C. Homozygous recessive has two dominant alleles, while homozygous dominant has two recessive alleles.
• D. Homozygous recessive has two identical recessive alleles, while homozygous dominant has two identical dominant alleles.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - Homozygous recessive genotype refers to an individual having two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene (e.g., rr for a trait where r represents the recessive allele). - Homozygous dominant genotype refers to an individual having two identical dominant alleles for a particular gene (e.g., RR for a trait where R represents the dominant allele). - The difference between the two genotypes lies in the specific alleles present in each case, with homozygous recessive having two recessive alleles and homozygous dominant having two dominant alleles. - This genetic difference results in different phenotypes being expressed, as the dominant allele typically masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.

2. Which of the following is NOT a major division of the nervous system?

• A. Peripheral nervous system
• B. Central nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Autonomic nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The somatic nervous system is actually a component of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles and sensory information. The major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (which includes the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (which includes all nerves outside the central nervous system). The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, is a division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is C, the somatic nervous system, as it is not a major division of the nervous system.

3. A lampshade consists of a cylindrical base (diameter 20cm, height 10cm) and a hemispherical top (same diameter as the base). What is its total surface area?

• A. 785 sq cm
• B. 1130 sq cm
• C. 1570 sq cm
• D. 2055 sq cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calculate the surface area of the cylinder (base + lateral surface) and the hemisphere (half of a sphere's surface area). Add both areas to find the total surface area.

4. What is a mutation?

• A. A change in the DNA sequence
• B. A type of protein
• C. A normal part of the DNA replication process
• D. A harmless variation in DNA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A mutation is defined as a change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can occur due to various factors such as errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens (e.g., chemicals, radiation), or spontaneous changes. These changes can result in alterations to the genetic information carried by an organism, which can have different effects ranging from harmless variations to causing genetic disorders or diseases. Mutations are a fundamental aspect of genetic diversity and evolution. Options B, C, and D do not accurately describe what a mutation is.

5. Which term refers to the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where communication occurs to initiate muscle contraction?

• A. Sarcomere
• B. Synapse
• C. Tendon
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Synapse. A synapse is the point of contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. At the synapse, communication occurs in the form of neurotransmitters being released from the neuron and binding to receptors on the muscle fiber, initiating muscle contraction. A sarcomere refers to the basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber, not the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber. A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, not the communication point. Myofibril is a structure within muscle fibers that contains sarcomeres, but it is not the specific term for the point of contact between a motor neuron and muscle fiber.

6. Which sentence uses the semicolon correctly?

• A. The play was long; however, it was very entertaining.
• B. The guests arrived; Sarah greeted them at the door.
• C. John likes apples; Mary prefers oranges.
• D. He was tired; he went to bed early.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B joins two independent clauses related to the same event.

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