Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following structures plays a crucial role in controlling the cell cycle and preventing uncontrolled cell growth?

• A. The centrioles
• B. The nucleolus
• C. The Golgi apparatus
• D. The endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Centrioles are cylindrical structures found in animal cells that play a crucial role in organizing the spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis). They are involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes. - Centrioles are also involved in the formation of cilia and flagella, which are important for cell motility and sensory functions. - The other structures listed in the options (nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum) do not directly play a role in controlling the cell cycle and preventing uncontrolled cell growth.

2. When ice melts, it undergoes a…

• A. Chemical change
• B. Physical change
• C. Nuclear change
• D. Radioactive decay

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Melting is a change in physical state, not a change in the chemical composition of the ice.

3. During which stage of meiosis II are sister chromatids separated, resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells?

• A. Prophase I
• B. Prophase II
• C. Anaphase I
• D. Anaphase II

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - Prophase I occurs in meiosis I, not meiosis II. During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material in a process called crossing over. - Prophase II is the stage where the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers start to reappear, preparing the cell for division. Sister chromatids are still attached during Prophase II. - Anaphase I is the stage in meiosis I where homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. - Anaphase II is the stage in meiosis II where sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell, resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells. This is the stage where the final separation of genetic material occurs, leading to the formation of haploid daughter cells.

4. Which vitamin is essential for collagen production, a key component of connective tissues?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for collagen production, which is a key component of connective tissues. Collagen is a protein that provides structure and strength to various tissues in the body, including skin, bones, and tendons. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen by acting as a cofactor for enzymes involved in collagen formation. Deficiency in Vitamin C can lead to impaired collagen production, resulting in weakened connective tissues and potential health issues like scurvy. While Vitamin A, D, and E are important for various bodily functions, Vitamin C specifically stands out for its vital role in collagen synthesis.

5. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for storing energy?

• A. Liver
• B. Heart
• C. Kidneys
• D. Adipose tissue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: - Adipose tissue, commonly known as body fat, is the main organ responsible for storing energy in the form of triglycerides. - The liver plays a role in energy metabolism by regulating glucose levels and storing glycogen, but its primary function is not energy storage. - The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body and does not play a significant role in energy storage. - The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering blood and regulating fluid balance, but they are not primarily involved in energy storage.

6. What is the functional group present in ethers?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ether
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ethers have the functional group -O-, representing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The other choices are associated with different functional groups.

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