Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

• A. Unprotected sexual contact
• B. Sharing contaminated needles
• C. Deep kissing
• D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

2. Neon (Ne). Both He and Ne belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells.

• A. Electromagnetism
• B. Gravity
• C. Strong nuclear force
• D. Weak nuclear force

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Strong nuclear force. This incredibly powerful force overcomes the repulsive electrostatic force between protons and binds the nucleus together.

3. Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Pons
• C. Midbrain
• D. Cerebellum

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brainstem that regulates vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. It contains important centers for controlling these essential bodily functions, making it a critical part of the brain for maintaining life. The pons, midbrain, and cerebellum are also parts of the brainstem, but they are not primarily responsible for regulating these vital functions. Therefore, the medulla oblongata is the specific region of the brainstem that directly controls these essential physiological processes.

4. The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, is primarily composed of:

• A. Keratinized dead cells
• B. Melanocytes
• C. Langerhans cells
• D. Merkel cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Keratinized dead cells.' The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is mainly composed of keratinized dead cells. These cells are flattened, fully keratinized, and provide a protective barrier for the skin against environmental factors such as pathogens, UV radiation, and water loss. Melanocytes (Option B), Langerhans cells (Option C), and Merkel cells (Option D) are all important components of the epidermis but are not the primary constituents of the stratum corneum. Melanocytes produce melanin, Langerhans cells are involved in the immune response, and Merkel cells are associated with the sense of touch.

5. The phrase "think outside the box" encourages readers to:

• A. Follow established procedures.
• B. Be creative and find new solutions.
• C. Accept traditional ideas.
• D. Avoid making mistakes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase emphasizes unconventional thinking and exploring new approaches.

6. Frequent, painful urination is a common symptom of:

• A. Diabetes
• B. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• C. Kidney stones
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Frequent, painful urination can be a symptom of various conditions affecting the urinary system. In diabetes, high blood sugar levels can lead to increased urine production. UTIs often cause painful urination due to the infection in the urinary tract. Kidney stones can also result in frequent and painful urination as they obstruct the flow of urine. Therefore, all three options can present with the common symptom of frequent, painful urination, making 'All of the above' the correct choice.

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