Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the underlined phrase "with a mischievous grin" in the sentence "He approached her with a mischievous grin, his eyes twinkling"?

• A. Subject
• B. Direct object
• C. Adverbial phrase
• D. Appositive phrase

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The underlined phrase modifies the verb "approached" by describing his manner, making it an adverbial phrase.

2. The defining characteristic of an element is determined by the number of:

• A. Neutrons in its nucleus
• B. Electrons surrounding the nucleus
• C. Protons in its nucleus
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Protons in its nucleus.' An element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus, known as the atomic number. This number determines the element's identity and its placement on the periodic table. Neutrons and electrons play important roles in an atom, but they do not define the element itself. Neutrons contribute to the atom's mass, while electrons are involved in chemical reactions and bonding. Therefore, the number of protons is the defining characteristic of an element.

3. A bottle of hand sanitizer contains 70% alcohol. If 5ml of sanitizer are used, how much pure alcohol is present?

• A. 1.4ml
• B. 2.1ml
• C. 2.8ml
• D. 3.5ml

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Multiply the total sanitizer volume (5ml) by the alcohol percentage (70%) to get 3.5ml of pure alcohol.

4. Edema is a condition characterized by swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid. What factors can contribute to edema?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Maintaining a healthy weight
• C. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system
• D. Proper hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Edema is a condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues, leading to swelling. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system can contribute to edema by hindering the proper drainage of lymph fluid. When the lymphatic system is not functioning efficiently, it can result in fluid retention and swelling in the affected areas. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can actually help improve circulation and lymphatic flow, reducing the risk of edema. Proper hydration is important for overall health but specifically does not directly contribute to the development of edema as poor circulation or lymphatic blockages do.

5. Epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces, is further classified based on the number of cell layers. Simple epithelium has:

• A. No layers
• B. One layer
• C. Two to several layers
• D. Many tightly packed layers

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'One layer.' Simple epithelium is characterized by having a single layer of cells. This type of epithelial tissue is found in areas where diffusion, filtration, or absorption are primary functions. Simple epithelium allows for efficient exchange of substances across the cell layer due to its thin structure and close proximity to underlying tissues. Examples of locations where simple epithelium is found include the lining of blood vessels (endothelium) and air sacs of the lungs (alveoli). In contrast, stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers of cells and is commonly found in areas that require protection against mechanical or chemical stress, such as the skin and the lining of the esophagus.

6. Identify the comprehensive protection for the brain.

• A. Skull
• B. Meninges (Membranes)
• C. Cerebrospinal fluid
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) The skull provides a hard, protective covering for the brain, shielding it from external trauma and injury. B) The meninges are three layers of membranes (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that surround the brain and spinal cord, providing additional protection and cushioning. C) Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a shock absorber and providing nutrients to the central nervous system. Together, the skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid work in conjunction to provide comprehensive protection for the brain, making option D the correct answer.

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