Nursing Elites

1. A concave mirror can be used to:

• A. Focus light to a single point
• B. Only create virtual images
• C. Always magnify objects
• D. Scatter light

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A concave mirror can be used to focus light to a single point because of its reflective surface that curves inward. When light rays parallel to the mirror's principal axis strike the mirror, they converge at a focal point, creating a real image. This property makes concave mirrors useful in applications like reflecting telescopes and headlights, where focusing light to a point is necessary for proper functioning. Virtual images are also created by concave mirrors, but the primary function is to focus light rather than create virtual images. Magnification of objects and scattering of light are not inherent properties of concave mirrors.

2. Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Pons
• C. Midbrain
• D. Cerebellum

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is the lower part of the brainstem that regulates vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. It contains important centers for controlling these essential bodily functions, making it a critical part of the brain for maintaining life. The pons, midbrain, and cerebellum are also parts of the brainstem, but they are not primarily responsible for regulating these vital functions. Therefore, the medulla oblongata is the specific region of the brainstem that directly controls these essential physiological processes.

3. Which of the following is NOT a route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

• A. Unprotected sexual contact
• B. Sharing contaminated needles
• C. Deep kissing
• D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

4. Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts are called:

• A. Exocrine glands
• B. Endocrine glands
• C. Apocrine glands
• D. Merocrine glands

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Endocrine glands. Endocrine glands are specialized glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then travel to target organs or tissues to regulate various physiological processes. Unlike exocrine glands (choice A), which secrete their products through ducts to specific locations, endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood for more widespread and systemic effects. Apocrine glands (choice C) release a portion of their cell contents along with the secretions, while merocrine glands (choice D) release their products through exocytosis without any loss of cell material. Therefore, in this case, endocrine glands best describe the glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts.

5. A baseball is thrown into the air. At the peak of its trajectory, which of the following forces is acting on the ball?

• A. Only gravitational force
• B. Only the force of air resistance
• C. Both gravitational force and the force of air resistance
• D. Neither gravitational force nor the force of air resistance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: At the peak, the ball momentarily stops moving upwards. Its inertia keeps it moving horizontally, but there is no force propelling it upwards except for gravity pulling it down.

6. A person is pushing a box across the floor. Which of the following forces is NOT doing work?

• A. The person's pushing force
• B. The normal force from the floor
• C. The gravitational force on the box
• D. The frictional force between the box and the floor

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Work is defined as the force applied in the direction of motion multiplied by the distance moved. Since the normal force acts perpendicular to the motion, it does not contribute to work.

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