Nursing Elites

1. Which of these organisms belongs to the kingdom Protista?

• A. Coral
• B. Yeast
• C. Euglena
• D. Mushroom

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Coral belongs to the kingdom Animalia, specifically in the phylum Cnidaria. B) Yeast belongs to the kingdom Fungi. C) Euglena is a unicellular organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista. It is a type of protist that has characteristics of both plants and animals. D) Mushroom belongs to the kingdom Fungi. Therefore, among the options provided, only Euglena belongs to the kingdom Protista.

2. A book slides across a table. What determines the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the book?

• A. Only the mass of the book
• B. Only the normal force from the table
• C. Both the mass of the book and the normal force from the table
• D. Neither the mass of the book nor the normal force from the table

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Both the mass of the book and the normal force from the table. Friction is proportional to both the normal force and the coefficient of friction, which depends on the materials in contact. Since the normal force depends on the weight of the object (mass x gravity), both factors are important.

3. What is the main function of the urinary system?

• A. Transporting oxygen
• B. Fighting off infections
• C. Maintaining acid-base balance
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'All of the above.' The main function of the urinary system is not just limited to one specific task but encompasses multiple important functions. It is responsible for maintaining acid-base balance by regulating the pH of the blood through the excretion of acids and bases. Additionally, the urinary system plays a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood and expelling them from the body, which helps in fighting off infections. Moreover, the urinary system is not involved in transporting oxygen, as this function is primarily carried out by the respiratory system. Therefore, 'All of the above' is the correct choice as it includes the comprehensive functions of the urinary system.

4. What is the difference between alpha decay and beta decay?

• A. Both release the same type of particle.
• B. Alpha decay releases a helium nucleus, while beta decay releases an electron or positron.
• C. Alpha decay is more common than beta decay.
• D. They both convert one element into another, but in different ways.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Alpha decay releases a helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 neutrons), while beta decay releases an electron or positron. - Both processes alter the atomic structure and change the element's identity.

5. A diabetic patient's blood sugar is 180mg/dL. Their usual insulin dose is 1 unit per 40mg/dL above 100mg/dL. How much insulin should be administered?

• A. 2 units
• B. 3 units
• C. 4 units
• D. 5 units

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Calculate the excess blood sugar above 100mg/dL: 180mg/dL - 100mg/dL = 80mg/dL. 2. Determine the insulin dose based on the patient's usual insulin dose: 80mg/dL / 40mg/dL = 2 units. 3. Add the calculated insulin dose to the patient's usual insulin dose: 1 unit (usual dose) + 2 units (calculated dose) = 3 units. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 units of insulin should be administered to the diabetic patient with a blood sugar level of 180mg/dL.

6. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, producing ATP for energy?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for cellular respiration, a process that produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and vacuole, do not play a direct role in cellular respiration or ATP production. The mitochondria contain specialized structures like cristae and enzymes that carry out the biochemical reactions of cellular respiration, making them essential for energy production in the cell.

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