Nursing Elites

1. What is the name of a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy body tissues?

• A. Allergy
• B. Autoimmune disease
• C. Immunodeficiency
• D. Sepsis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autoimmune disease. This condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Autoimmune diseases can affect various organs and systems in the body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. Allergies (A) involve the immune system overreacting to harmless substances, but they do not involve attacking healthy tissues. Immunodeficiency (C) refers to a weakened immune system that is less able to fight off infections. Sepsis (D) is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection, not an autoimmune reaction.

2. Neurons, the functional units of the nervous system, belong to which tissue type?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nervous tissue. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses and are the primary components of the nervous system. Nervous tissue is made up of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Neurons are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body, making them a crucial part of the nervous system. Epithelial tissue (A) is primarily involved in covering and lining surfaces, connective tissue (B) supports and connects other tissues, and muscle tissue (C) is responsible for movement. Therefore, neurons belong to nervous tissue, which is specialized for communication and coordination within the body.

3. The "master gland" of the endocrine system, located at the base of the brain, secretes various hormones that control other glands is the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating other endocrine glands in the body. It is located at the base of the brain and secretes various hormones that control functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The thyroid gland (A) regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland (C) produces hormones involved in stress response, and the pancreas (D) is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through insulin production, but they do not serve as the master gland of the endocrine system.

4. What part of speech is the underlined word in the sentence "The students eagerly awaited the results"?

• A. Verb
• B. Noun
• C. Adjective
• D. Adverb

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B identifies "results" as the direct object of the verb "awaited," making it a noun.

5. Which sentence uses parallel structure correctly?

• A. I enjoy reading, watching movies, and to spend time with friends.
• B. Reading, watching movies, and spending time with friends are all activities I enjoy.
• C. like to read, watch movies, and spend time with friends.
• D. Reading, movies, and friends are all things I enjoy.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Parallel structure means using the same grammatical form for elements in a list. Option (b) uses parallel gerunds ("reading," "watching," "spending"), making it the correct choice.

6. What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

• A. To treat genetic disorders.
• B. To diagnose genetic diseases in newborns.
• C. To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks.
• D. To collect DNA samples for research purposes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks. Genetic counselors explain the implications of genetic testing, discuss risks and options, and offer emotional and psychological support.

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