Nursing Elites

1. Which technology allows scientists to directly edit the human genome?

• A. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• B. Gel electrophoresis
• C. DNA sequencing
• D. CRISPR-Cas9

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. PCR is not used for directly editing the human genome. B) Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size. It is not used for directly editing the human genome. C) DNA sequencing is a method used to determine the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. While DNA sequencing is important for understanding genetic information, it is not used for directly editing the human genome. D) CRISPR-Cas9 is a technology that allows scientists to make precise changes to the DNA of living organisms, including the human genome. CRISPR-Cas9 works by guiding the Cas9 enzyme to a specific location in the genome where it can make targeted cuts or edits. This technology has revolutionized genetic research and has the potential for applications

2. What is the name for the mixture of reactants and products present during a chemical reaction?

• A. Solution
• B. Mixture
• C. Reaction mixture
• D. Precipitate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This mixture contains both the starting materials (reactants) and the newly formed substances (products) during the reaction process.

3. Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body and toward other neurons or muscles?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Axon.' The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles. It acts as the primary transmission line of the nervous system, sending electrical signals known as action potentials. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axon, speeding up the transmission of nerve impulses. Therefore, the axon is specifically responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body, making it the correct answer.

4. Two coherent light waves with a slight phase difference interfere. What determines the resulting intensity of the combined wave?

• A. The individual intensities of the waves
• B. The wavelength of the waves
• C. The distance between the waves
• D. The color of the waves

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The intensity of the resulting wave depends on the individual intensities and the phase difference between the interfering waves. Constructive interference leads to higher intensity, while destructive interference leads to lower intensity.

5. The lymphatic system works closely with which other body system to fight infections?

• A. Respiratory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Immune system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Respiratory system. The lymphatic system and the respiratory system work closely together to fight infections. The respiratory system helps to filter out pathogens and other harmful substances from the air we breathe, while the lymphatic system produces and transports white blood cells (lymphocytes) that play a key role in the immune response against infections. This collaboration helps the body to defend against respiratory infections and maintain overall health.

6. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype in the context of gene expression.

• A. Genotype refers to the physical manifestation of a trait, while phenotype represents its underlying genetic makeup.
• B. Genotype encompasses the spectrum of possible traits encoded by an organism's genes, while phenotype signifies the specific trait observed.
• C. Genotype denotes the presence of dominant alleles, while phenotype reflects the influence of recessive alleles.
• D. There is no distinction; both terms are interchangeable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes and alleles it possesses. - Phenotype, on the other hand, refers to the observable physical characteristics or traits of an organism, which result from the interaction between its genotype and the environment. - While genotype represents the genetic potential or range of traits that an organism can express, phenotype reflects the actual expression of specific traits. - Therefore, option B correctly captures the distinction between genotype and phenotype in the context of gene expression.

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