Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of introns in eukaryotic genes?

• A. They code for protein sequences.
• B. They are involved in gene regulation.
• C. They are removed during mRNA processing.
• D. They are non-functional remnants of ancient DNA.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Introns do not code for protein sequences. Exons are the segments of DNA that code for proteins. B) While introns can indirectly influence gene regulation, their primary function is not directly involved in gene regulation. C) Introns are non-coding regions of DNA that are transcribed into pre-mRNA but are removed during mRNA processing through a process called splicing. This allows only the exons to be included in the mature mRNA that will be translated into proteins. D) While introns were once thought to be non-functional remnants of ancient DNA, research has shown that they can have regulatory functions and play a role in gene expression.

2. What enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA replication during the S phase of interphase?

• A. Helicase
• B. DNA polymerase
• C. Ligase
• D. Topoisomerase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: During the S phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs. DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary fashion to the template strand. It plays a crucial role in replicating the entire genome accurately. Helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA, topoisomerase relieves the tension in the DNA strands, and ligase joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. However, DNA polymerase is the enzyme directly involved in the synthesis of new DNA strands during replication.

3. How can you predict the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position on the periodic table?

• A. Look for elements with similar atomic weights
• B. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
• C. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
• D. Analyze the element's position within the period

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The group number of an element on the periodic table often indicates the typical ionic charge it will form. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties, including the tendency to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This predictable pattern allows us to anticipate the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position in the periodic table.

4. Which type of white blood cell directly attacks and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses?

• A. Neutrophils
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Monocytes
• D. Eosinophils

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by directly attacking and destroying pathogens like bacteria and viruses. They are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are known for their rapid response to infections. Neutrophils work by engulfing and digesting pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. Lymphocytes (option B) are involved in adaptive immunity, producing antibodies and coordinating immune responses. Monocytes (option C) differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, playing a role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Eosinophils (option D) are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections and allergic reactions, not directly attacking bacteria and viruses.

5. Based on the passage, which statement is MOST likely to be true about the author's stance on social media?

• A. It should be completely banned due to its overwhelmingly negative impact.
• B. It can be a valuable tool but needs stricter regulations to address emerging issues.
• C. Its benefits outweigh its drawbacks, and concerns about its use are exaggerated.
• D. Technology alone cannot solve the problems associated with social media use.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The emphasis on critical thinking and responsible online behavior suggests an acknowledgment of social media's potential while advocating for addressing its downsides, aligning with B.

6. What is the relationship between mass and weight on Earth's surface?

• A. Mass and weight are equal
• B. Mass is greater than weight
• C. Weight is greater than mass
• D. Mass and weight are not related

Correct answer: a

Rationale: On Earth's surface, mass and weight are directly proportional but not equal, as weight is the force due to gravity acting on an object's mass.

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