Nursing Elites

1. What is the main concern the author raises about AI?

• A. Its limitations in achieving true intelligence and emulating human consciousness.
• B. Its potential for misuse in warfare and autonomous weapons systems.
• C. Its detrimental impact on the environment and resource consumption.
• D. Its ethical implications related to bias, privacy, and job displacement.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The passage explicitly mentions concerns about bias, privacy, and job displacement, making D the main concern highlighted.

2. Nuclear fission is a process characterized by:

• A. A heavy nucleus capturing a neutron and releasing energy
• B. The fusion of two nuclei to form a heavier element
• C. A lighter element emitting an alpha particle through radioactive decay
• D. An electron being absorbed by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nuclear fission is a process characterized by a heavy nucleus capturing a neutron and splitting into smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. This differs from nuclear fusion, which involves the merging of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier element. The emission of an alpha particle by a lighter element is a form of radioactive decay, not fission. Absorption of an electron by the nucleus with the release of a gamma ray is not representative of fission reactions. Therefore, option A correctly describes the process of nuclear fission.

3. The major site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system is the:

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is the major site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food takes place. The small intestine has villi and microvilli that increase its surface area, allowing for efficient absorption of nutrients like sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids into the bloodstream. The mouth is primarily responsible for mechanical digestion through chewing, while the stomach's main function is to break down food with enzymes and acids. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, with minimal nutrient absorption.

4. When water boils, it changes from a liquid to a gas. This is an example of a:

• A. Chemical reaction
• B. Physical change
• C. Nuclear reaction
• D. Biological process

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Physical change - Boiling water involves a change in state, not the chemical composition of the molecules. Chemical reactions involve breaking and forming new bonds, which is not the case here.

5. What is the difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?

• A. Emphysema damages alveoli, while chronic bronchitis inflames airways.
• B. Emphysema causes coughing, while chronic bronchitis leads to shortness of breath.
• C. Emphysema is more reversible than chronic bronchitis.
• D. Emphysema affects only smokers, while chronic bronchitis can occur in non-smokers.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are both types of COPD, but they have distinct characteristics. Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, which impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This damage to the alveoli leads to difficulty breathing and decreased lung function. On the other hand, chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to excessive mucus production and a persistent cough. While both conditions are chronic and progressive, emphysema primarily affects the alveoli, while chronic bronchitis primarily affects the airways. Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and management of COPD.

6. Which blood type is a universal donor?

• A. A
• B. B
• C. AB
• D. O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because individuals with type O blood can donate red blood cells to individuals with any ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without causing an adverse reaction. This is because type O blood lacks A or B antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which helps minimize the risk of an immune response when transfused into individuals with different blood types. Therefore, type O blood is in high demand for blood transfusions in emergency situations when the recipient's blood type is unknown or when there is a shortage of specific blood types.

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