Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in a population?

• A. Mutations in genes
• B. Genetic drift (random fluctuations in allele frequencies)
• C. Gene flow (movement of genes between populations)
• D. Blending inheritance (traits of parents are averaged in offspring)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Mutations in genes: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can introduce new alleles into a population, leading to genetic variation. B) Genetic drift (random fluctuations in allele frequencies): Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, which can lead to genetic variation through chance events. C) Gene flow (movement of genes between populations): Gene flow occurs when individuals move between populations, bringing new alleles with them and increasing genetic variation within populations. D) Blending inheritance (traits of parents are averaged in offspring): Blending inheritance was a historical theory that suggested offspring inherit a blend of traits from their parents, leading to a reduction in genetic variation over time. However, this concept has been disproven by the understanding of Mendelian genetics, where traits are inherited independently and do not blend together. Therefore, blending inheritance does not contribute

2. Which type of fiber is insoluble and promotes gut motility?

• A. Pectin
• B. Cellulose
• C. Beta-gluca
• D. Guar gum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Pectin is a soluble fiber found in fruits and vegetables. It forms a gel-like substance in the gut and can help lower cholesterol levels. B) Cellulose is an insoluble fiber found in plants, particularly in the cell walls of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It adds bulk to the stool and promotes gut motility by aiding in the movement of food through the digestive system. C) Beta-glucan is a soluble fiber found in oats and barley. It can help lower cholesterol levels and improve blood sugar control. D) Guar gum is a soluble fiber derived from guar beans. It can help with digestion and may have a role in managing blood sugar levels. In this case, the question specifically asks for the type of fiber that is insoluble and promotes gut motility, which is characteristic of cellulose.

3. What is the function of the underlined phrase "with a mischievous grin" in the sentence "He approached her with a mischievous grin, his eyes twinkling"?

• A. Subject
• B. Direct object
• C. Adverbial phrase
• D. Appositive phrase

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The underlined phrase modifies the verb "approached" by describing his manner, making it an adverbial phrase.

4. The critical angle is defined as the minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium for which light undergoes:

• A. Total internal reflection
• B. Continued refraction
• C. Specular reflection
• D. Increased dispersion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence at which light is totally internally reflected rather than refracted. When light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, it undergoes total internal reflection. This phenomenon is crucial in applications like fiber optics and mirages. Continued refraction (option B) occurs when light enters a medium at an angle less than the critical angle. Specular reflection (option C) refers to the reflection of light at a smooth surface. Increased dispersion (option D) involves the separation of light into its constituent colors due to varying refractive indices, which is not directly related to the critical angle. Therefore, the correct answer is A - total internal reflection.

5. She surfs the internet for more information about leadership styles. She reads about shared

• A. Leadership behavior is generally determined by the relationship between the leader’s
• B. Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled
• C. Leaders rely heavily on visioning and inspire members to achieve results
• D. Leadership is shared at the point of care.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the statement 'Leaders believe that people are basically good and need not be closely controlled' aligns with the concept of shared leadership. Shared leadership involves distributing leadership responsibilities and authority among team members based on the belief that everyone has valuable contributions to make. This approach fosters a sense of trust and empowerment within the team, allowing individuals to take initiative and collaborate effectively. In contrast, option A refers to leadership behavior being determined by the relationship between the leader and followers, which is not directly related to the concept of shared leadership. Option C emphasizes visioning and inspiration, which are important aspects of leadership but do not specifically address the shared nature of leadership. Option D mentions leadership being shared at the point of care, which is too specific and does not encompass the broader concept of shared leadership.

6. What is the medical term for ingrown hair?

• A. Folliculitis
• B. Hirsutism
• C. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
• D. Alopecia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Pseudofolliculitis Barbae.' This term specifically refers to ingrown hairs commonly seen in the beard area. Folliculitis (A) is inflammation of the hair follicles, not necessarily due to ingrown hairs. Hirsutism (B) is excessive hair growth, unrelated to ingrown hairs. Alopecia (D) is hair loss, which is also not related to ingrown hairs. Therefore, 'Pseudofolliculitis Barbae' is the medical term specifically used to describe ingrown hairs in the beard area, making it the correct answer.

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