1. A condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland and excessive production of thyroid hormones is called:

A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Cushing's syndrome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces an excess of thyroid hormones. This can lead to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heart rate, and anxiety. Diabetes mellitus (A) is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypothyroidism (C) is the opposite of hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive. Cushing's syndrome (D) is a disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of the hormone cortisol. Therefore, in this case, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to an overactive thyroid gland.

2. What property of matter refers to the force of gravity acting on an object?

A. Mass
B. Weight
C. Density
D. Volume

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Weight is the measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. It is calculated as mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity.

3. Which of the following is a strong base commonly used in cleaning products?

A. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
B. Ammonium hydroxide (NHâ‚„OH)
C. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)â‚‚)
D. Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sodium hydroxide is a strong base commonly used in cleaning products. The other choices are also bases but are not as strong as sodium hydroxide.

4. What is the general formula for an alkene?

A. CnH2n+2
B. CnH2n
C. CnH2n-2
D. CnH2n+1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The general formula for an alkene is $C_nH_{2n}$, indicating the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms.

5. What is the involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the stomach and intestines?

A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is the involuntary muscle tissue that is found in the walls of blood vessels and organs like the stomach and intestines. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is voluntary and under conscious control, smooth muscle functions involuntarily, allowing organs to contract and relax without conscious effort. Cardiac muscle, while also involuntary, is specifically found in the heart. Striated muscle refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscle, which exhibit a striped appearance under a microscope due to the arrangement of their filaments. Therefore, smooth muscle is the most appropriate answer for this question.

6. Which type of nutrient requires the most complex and lengthy digestion process?

A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Vitamins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Proteins require the most complex and lengthy digestion process among the options provided. When we consume proteins, they need to be broken down into amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This process starts in the stomach with the help of stomach acid and enzymes, continues in the small intestine where more enzymes break down proteins into amino acids, and finally, these amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream for various bodily functions. Carbohydrates and fats also require digestion, but the process for breaking down proteins into amino acids is more complex and time-consuming. Vitamins, on the other hand, do not require digestion in the same way as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, as they are already in a form that can be readily absorbed by the body.