Nursing Elites

1. Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart?

• A. Arteries
• B. Veins
• C. Capillaries
• D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Veins. Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels where exchange of gases and nutrients occurs. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and carry it to veins. Understanding the role of veins in carrying deoxygenated blood is crucial for comprehending the circulatory system and how blood is circulated throughout the body.

2. What is the relationship between mass and inertia?

• A. Mass is a measure of inertia
• B. Mass has no relation to inertia
• C. Inertia is a measure of weight
• D. Inertia increases with decreasing mass

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and is directly related to its inertia.

3. What is the breakdown product of creatine phosphate, an energy source used for short bursts of muscle activity?

• A. Glucose
• B. Lactic acid
• C. Carbon dioxide
• D. Creatine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The breakdown product of creatine phosphate is creatine. Creatine phosphate is stored in muscle cells and rapidly converts to creatine to provide energy for short bursts of muscle activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting. It is not converted into glucose, lactic acid, or carbon dioxide. Creatine is then further broken down into creatinine, which is excreted in urine. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Creatine.

4. The lymphatic system works closely with which other body system to fight infections?

• A. Respiratory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Immune system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Respiratory system. The lymphatic system and the respiratory system work closely together to fight infections. The respiratory system helps to filter out pathogens and other harmful substances from the air we breathe, while the lymphatic system produces and transports white blood cells (lymphocytes) that play a key role in the immune response against infections. This collaboration helps the body to defend against respiratory infections and maintain overall health.

5. Scientific findings are constantly evolving. This emphasizes the importance of:

• A. Unquestioning belief in established theories and models.
• B. Dogmatically adhering to the opinions of prominent scientists.
• C. Maintaining an open mind and willingness to consider new evidence.
• D. Prioritizing quick and decisive answers over careful evaluation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Science is a dynamic process built on continual questioning and refining of understanding. Openness to new evidence and revision of existing theories is crucial for scientific progress.

6. A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is called:

• A. Mutualism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Parasitism
• D. Predation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Mutualism: In mutualism, both organisms involved benefit from the relationship. B) Commensalism: In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This is the relationship described in the question. C) Parasitism: In parasitism, one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism, which is harmed. D) Predation: In predation, one organism (predator) kills and consumes another organism (prey) for food.

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