Nursing Elites

1. The primary source of energy entering most ecosystems is:

• A. Chemical energy stored in bonds
• B. Thermal energy from the Earth's core
• C. Light energy from the sun
• D. Kinetic energy from wind and water

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: In most ecosystems, the primary source of energy is sunlight. This energy is captured by plants and other photosynthetic organisms through the process of photosynthesis. These organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of organic molecules, such as glucose. This stored chemical energy is then passed on to other organisms in the ecosystem through the food chain, making sunlight the fundamental source of energy for most ecosystems. Thermal energy from the Earth's core (option B) is not a primary source of energy for ecosystems, as it is not readily accessible to most organisms. Kinetic energy from wind and water (option D) can play a role in some ecosystems, but it is not the primary source of energy. Chemical energy stored in bonds (option A) is a form of energy that is derived ultimately from the sun through photosynthesis.

2. What is the main consequence of a malfunctioning thyroid gland that produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones?

• A. Increased energy levels and weight loss
• B. Decreased heart rate and body temperature
• C. Enhanced muscle growth and bone development
• D. Faster metabolism and heightened alertness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Decreased heart rate and body temperature.' When the thyroid gland produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism), it can lead to a decrease in metabolic rate, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold. A lower metabolic rate can slow down heart rate and decrease body temperature. The other options (A, C, D) are not characteristic of hypothyroidism. Increased energy levels and weight loss, enhanced muscle growth and bone development, and faster metabolism and heightened alertness are more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland produces excess hormones.

3. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Bony skeleton
• C. External ears
• D. Bloodstream

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: External ears. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue found in the respiratory tract, where it appears to be stratified but all cells are anchored to the basement membrane. The external ears are lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium to help protect and support the structures of the ear canal. Skeletal muscle (A) is a type of muscle tissue, bony skeleton (B) refers to bones, and bloodstream (D) is a system for blood circulation, which are not related to pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

4. The spleen, a large lymphatic organ, is located in the:

• A. Chest
• B. Abdomen
• C. Pelvis
• D. Head and neck

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Abdomen. The spleen, a large lymphatic organ, is located in the upper left part of the abdomen, under the ribcage and above the stomach. It plays a crucial role in filtering and purifying the blood, removing old or damaged blood cells, and storing blood. The spleen is not located in the chest, pelvis, or head and neck. Understanding the anatomical location of organs is essential for medical professionals to accurately diagnose and treat patients.

5. The formula for body mass index (BMI) is BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)^2. If a patient's BMI is 25 and their height is 1.7m, what is their weight?

• A. 34kg
• B. 45kg
• C. 56kg
• D. 68kg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: 56kg: Rearrange the formula to solve for weight: weight = BMI * height^2.

6. What is the protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?

• A. Blood
• B. Cerebrospinal fluid
• C. Myelin sheath
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing protection from impacts. Blood is essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen, but it does not directly surround or protect these vital nervous system structures. Myelin sheath is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, not the fluid surrounding the nervous system. Insulin is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels and is not related to protecting the brain and spinal cord.

Similar Questions