Nursing Elites

1. Organisms that break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the environment are called:

• A. Producers
• B. Decomposers
• C. Consumers
• D. Parasites

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Decomposers are organisms that break down dead organisms and organic matter, such as bacteria, fungi, and some insects. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by breaking down complex organic materials into simpler forms, releasing nutrients back into the environment for other organisms to use. Producers (option A) are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, consumers (option C) are organisms that consume other organisms for energy, and parasites (option D) are organisms that live on or in another organism and benefit at the host's expense.

2. Identify the interrogative sentence in the following options:

• A. The delicious pie disappeared quickly.
• B. What is your favorite color?
• C. Please open the window.
• D. He ran as fast as he could.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An interrogative sentence asks a question and typically ends with a question mark.

3. The scientist discovered a new species of butterfly in the rainforest. What is the past tense of the verb "discover"?

• A. discovers
• B. discovered
• C. discovering
• D. discovery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The past tense of a verb describes an action that happened in the past.

4. A 10 kg box rests on a frictionless surface. A horizontal force of 20 N is applied to the box. What is the box's acceleration?

• A. 0.5 m/s²
• B. 1 m/s²
• C. 2 m/s²
• D. 10 m/s²

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Use Newton's second law, F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. Since there is no friction, the net force equals the applied force (20 N). Therefore, a = F/m = 20 N / 10 kg ≈ 2 m/s².

5. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process

• A. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
• B. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
• C. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
• D. Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this question, Ms. Valencia is tasked with preparing process standards, which are systematic procedures or steps followed to ensure quality care. Options A, B, and C all refer to specific processes that are essential in healthcare: timely assessment, obtaining informed consent, and assessing patient satisfaction. However, option D about providing patient education is more focused on an outcome (patient education) rather than a specific process standard. While patient education is important, the question is asking for a process standard, making option D the correct answer as it does not directly relate to a specific process standard.

6. A scientist observes a new chemical reaction and proposes a mechanism for how it occurs. What is the BEST way to test this mechanism?

• A. Simulate the reaction using computer models.
• B. Design experiments to manipulate predicted intermediate steps.
• C. Compare the reaction to similar known reactions.
• D. Publish the mechanism in a scientific journal.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Designing experiments to manipulate predicted intermediate steps is the best way to test the proposed mechanism because it directly tests the validity of the proposed mechanism by manipulating the specific steps involved. This approach allows for empirical validation of the proposed mechanism and provides concrete evidence to support or refute it. Simulating the reaction using computer models may provide some insights but does not directly test the mechanism. Comparing the reaction to similar known reactions can provide some context but does not directly test the proposed mechanism. Publishing the mechanism in a scientific journal is important for sharing findings but does not constitute a test of the mechanism itself.

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