Nursing Elites

1. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor from the stomach for proper absorption?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells in the stomach, for proper absorption in the small intestine. Intrinsic factor binds to B12 and facilitates its absorption in the ileum. Without intrinsic factor, the body cannot effectively absorb Vitamin B12, leading to deficiencies and various health issues. Vitamins A, C, and D do not require intrinsic factor for absorption and have different mechanisms for uptake and utilization within the body.

2. A table top has dimensions of 75cm by 50cm. What is its perimeter if opposite sides are equal?

• A. 125cm
• B. 150cm
• C. 200cm
• D. 50cm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - Given that the table top has dimensions of 75cm by 50cm. - Since opposite sides are equal, the table top can be divided into two pairs of equal sides: 75cm and 50cm. - To find the perimeter, we add up all four sides: 75cm + 50cm + 75cm + 50cm = 250cm. - However, since opposite sides are equal, we only need to consider two sides: 75cm + 50cm = 125cm. - Therefore, the perimeter of the table top is 125cm + 125cm = 150cm. - Hence, the correct answer is B) 150cm.

3. She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the

• A. She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.
• B. She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is
• C. She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
• D. The session is private between the two members.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C is the correct answer because telling the staff that the session is manager-centered indicates that the focus will be on the manager's evaluation and feedback rather than promoting a collaborative and transparent review process. This approach can lead to a one-sided assessment and may not foster open communication or growth opportunities for the staff member. Options A and B involve bringing in another nurse, which could potentially compromise the privacy and effectiveness of the performance review. Option D, stating that the session is private between the two members, does not address the issue of the session being manager-centered. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice to highlight the importance of a balanced and inclusive performance review process.

4. What is the stage of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope reforms?

• A. Prophase
• B. Metaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - Prophase is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the chromosomes to condense and become visible. - Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell. - Telophase is the stage where the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated sister chromatids at opposite poles of the cell. - Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells, but it is not directly related to the reformation of the nuclear envelope.

5. What is the difference between polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy?

• A. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes influencing one trait, while pleiotropy involves one gene affecting multiple traits.
• B. Polygenic inheritance is found in simple Mendelian traits, while pleiotropy is found in complex traits.
• C. Polygenic inheritance is always quantitative, while pleiotropy can be qualitative or quantitative.
• D. Both involve multiple genes and multiple traits, but the specific mechanisms differ

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Polygenic inheritance refers to the situation where a trait is influenced by multiple genes, each contributing a small effect to the phenotype. These traits often show continuous variation and are not easily categorized into discrete categories. - Pleiotropy, on the other hand, occurs when a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits. This means that a mutation in one gene can lead to multiple phenotypic effects across different traits or characteristics. - Therefore, the key difference between polygenic inheritance and pleiotropy lies in the number of genes involved in influencing a trait (multiple genes in polygenic inheritance vs. one gene in pleiotropy) and the direction of influence (one trait affected by multiple genes in polygenic inheritance vs. multiple traits affected by one gene in pleiotropy).

6. Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix and provides structural support and protection?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Connective tissue. Connective tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix, which provides structural support and protection. Epithelial tissue, while also tightly packed, is specialized for lining and covering surfaces. Muscle tissue is composed of cells with contractile properties for movement, and nervous tissue is made up of neurons for transmitting electrical signals. Therefore, connective tissue best fits the description of being densely packed with cells and serving a structural support and protective function.

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