1. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor from the stomach for proper absorption?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor, a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells in the stomach, for proper absorption in the small intestine. Intrinsic factor binds to B12 and facilitates its absorption in the ileum. Without intrinsic factor, the body cannot effectively absorb Vitamin B12, leading to deficiencies and various health issues. Vitamins A, C, and D do not require intrinsic factor for absorption and have different mechanisms for uptake and utilization within the body.

2. Scientists compare the DNA of different organisms to understand evolutionary relationships. What is this type of evidence called?

A. Morphological evidence (comparing body structures)
B. Biochemical evidence (comparing molecules like proteins)
C. Geographic distribution evidence (where organisms live)
D. Genetic evidence (comparing DNA sequences)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Morphological evidence involves comparing body structures of organisms, which can provide information about evolutionary relationships based on physical similarities and differences. However, DNA comparison is a more direct and accurate method for understanding evolutionary relationships. B) Biochemical evidence involves comparing molecules like proteins, which can also provide insights into evolutionary relationships. However, DNA comparison is considered more reliable due to the direct relationship between DNA sequences and genetic information. C) Geographic distribution evidence refers to where organisms live and how their distribution may provide clues about evolutionary history. While this can be informative, it is not as direct or specific as comparing DNA sequences. D) Genetic evidence involves comparing DNA sequences of different organisms to understand their evolutionary relationships. DNA comparison is a powerful tool in evolutionary biology because it provides

3. How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

A. Both enzymes are identical in function and structure.
B. RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis.
C. RNA polymerase can synthesize both RNA and DNA.
D. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, unlike DNA polymerase.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are not identical in function and structure. They have different roles in the cell. B) This statement is correct. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase can start the synthesis of RNA de novo. C) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase is specialized for synthesizing RNA, not DNA. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA. D) This statement is correct. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, while DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA.

4. Which of the following is NOT a good scientific practice?

A. Which of the following is NOT a good scientific practice?
B. Selecting data that supports a desired outcome and ignoring contradictory evidence.
C. Peer-reviewing research findings before publication.
D. Replicating experiments to confirm results and validate findings.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Scientific objectivity requires considering all data, regardless of whether it aligns with initial expectations. Selective bias can lead to inaccurate conclusions.

5. The lymphatic system works closely with which other body system to fight infections?

A. Respiratory system
B. Digestive system
C. Immune system
D. Nervous system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Respiratory system. The lymphatic system and the respiratory system work closely together to fight infections. The respiratory system helps to filter out pathogens and other harmful substances from the air we breathe, while the lymphatic system produces and transports white blood cells (lymphocytes) that play a key role in the immune response against infections. This collaboration helps the body to defend against respiratory infections and maintain overall health.

6. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tough connective tissues called

A. Ligaments
B. Tendons
C. Cartilage
D. Fascia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tendons. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by tendons, which are tough connective tissues that transmit the force generated by the muscle to the bone, allowing movement. Ligaments (A) connect bone to bone and provide stability to joints. Cartilage (C) is a smooth, firm tissue that covers the surface of bones at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock. Fascia (D) is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles and other structures, providing support and protection.