Nursing Elites

1. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction: 2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + BaCl2(aq)?

• A. 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l)
• B. 2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
• C. 2H+(aq) + Ba2+(aq) → Ba2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)
• D. Ba(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The net ionic equation includes only the species that undergo a change during the reaction.

2. A patient's height is 1.65 meters and their weight is 75kg. Calculate their BMI and interpret the result.

• A. 23.1 (Overweight)
• B. 25.3 (Overweight)
• C. 27.7 (Overweight)
• D. 32.8 (Obese)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Divide weight (75kg) by height squared (1.65m^2) to get BMI (27.7). This falls within the "overweight" category (25-29.9 BMI).

3. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress, including the regulation of salt and water balance?

• A. Aldosterone
• B. Epinephrine
• C. Cortisol
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress by regulating salt and water balance. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water, helping to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance during times of stress. Epinephrine and cortisol are also stress hormones produced by the adrenal glands, but they have different functions. Epinephrine is involved in the fight-or-flight response, while cortisol helps regulate metabolism and immune function. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is involved in glucose metabolism and not directly related to the body's stress response. Therefore, aldosterone is the most appropriate hormone in this context.

4. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

• A. Natural selection
• B. Genetic drift
• C. Lamarckism
• D. Mutation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation. B) Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that occurs due to random changes in allele frequencies in a population. C) Lamarckism, also known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics, is a discredited theory that suggests organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. This mechanism has been largely rejected by the scientific community. D) Mutation is a mechanism of evolution that introduces new genetic variation into a population, which can lead to the emergence of new traits and adaptations over time.

5. A medication must be taken twice daily, 12 hours apart. If the first dose is at 8:00 AM, what is the most convenient time for the second dose to avoid disrupting sleep?

• A. 4:00 PM
• B. 6:00 PM
• C. 8:00 PM
• D. 10:00 PM

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: To take the medication 12 hours apart from the first dose at 8:00 AM, the second dose should be taken at 8:00 PM. However, to avoid disrupting sleep, it is recommended to take the second dose a bit earlier. Taking the second dose at 6:00 PM ensures that the medication is still being taken 12 hours apart while allowing for a buffer before bedtime to avoid any potential disruptions to sleep.

6. The Merkel cells, located in the epidermis, are specialized for:

• A. Melanin production
• B. Temperature sensation
• C. Touch perception
• D. Immune defense

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Touch perception.' Merkel cells, also known as Merkel discs, are found in the skin's epidermal layer and are responsible for sensing touch. These cells are located near nerve endings and help detect light touch and pressure on the skin. They play a crucial role in the perception of tactile sensations and are not involved in melanin production, temperature sensation, or immune defense. Therefore, the specialized function of Merkel cells is primarily related to touch perception, making option C the correct choice.

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