Nursing Elites

1. What is the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

• A. 74.1 g/mol
• B. 132.1 g/mol
• C. 164.1 g/mol
• D. 78.1 g/mol

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Calculate the molar mass: Ca(40.08) + 2N(14.01) + 6O(16.00) = 132.1 g/mol.

2. What happens to the acceleration of an object when the force acting on it is increased, assuming the mass remains constant?

• A. Acceleration increases
• B. Acceleration decreases
• C. Acceleration remains constant
• D. Acceleration becomes zero

Correct answer: a

Rationale: According to Newton's second law (F = ma), if mass is constant and force increases, acceleration also increases.

3. Which of these pairs represents an example of convergent evolution?

• A. Humans and chimpanzees
• B. Bats and birds
• C. Dolphins and sharks
• D. Snakes and earthworms

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Convergent evolution refers to the process by which different species independently evolve similar traits or characteristics due to similar environmental pressures. In the case of bats and birds, both have evolved wings for flight despite not sharing a recent common ancestor with wings. Bats are mammals, while birds are avians, yet they both have wings adapted for flight, which is a classic example of convergent evolution. A) Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor and have not independently evolved similar traits. C) Dolphins and sharks are not closely related, and their similarities are due to adaptations to their aquatic environment rather than convergent evolution. D) Snakes and earthworms belong to different classes (reptiles and annelids, respectively) and do not share recent common ancestors, making their similarities not a result of convergent evolution.

4. What hormone signals the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?

• A. Gastrin
• B. Insulin
• C. Glucagon
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach, not digestive enzymes from the pancreas. B) Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, but it does not directly signal the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. C) Glucagon is another hormone produced by the pancreas that works opposite to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels, but it is not involved in signaling the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. D) Secretin is a hormone released by the small intestine in response to the presence of acidic chyme. It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of the chyme and also triggers the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas to aid in digestion. Therefore, secretin is the hormone that signals the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of antibody?

• A. IgA
• B. IgM
• C. Interferon
• D. IgG

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A) IgA: This is a type of antibody found in mucosal areas such as the gut, respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract. B) IgM: This is a type of antibody produced during the primary immune response and is the first antibody to be produced in response to an infection. C) Interferon: Interferons are signaling proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections. They play a role in the immune response but are not antibodies. D) IgG: This is the most abundant type of antibody in the bloodstream and is involved in long-term immunity. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Interferon, as it is not a type of antibody.

6. Which structure in the respiratory system serves as a passageway for both air and food, with a flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

• A. Larynx
• B. Pharynx
• C. Trachea
• D. Bronchi

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharynx. The pharynx is a structure in the respiratory system that serves as a passageway for both air and food. It has a flap-like structure called the epiglottis, which prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing. The larynx is commonly known as the voice box and is responsible for sound production. The trachea is a tube that carries air to and from the lungs, and the bronchi are the two main branches that lead from the trachea to the lungs. Therefore, the pharynx is the correct answer as it specifically fits the description provided in the question.

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