1. What is the function of ribosomes?

A. Packaging and transporting proteins
B. Storing genetic material
C. Controlling cell division
D. Synthesizing proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Synthesizing proteins.' Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins according to the genetic information encoded in the mRNA. This process is crucial for building and maintaining cellular structures, enzymes, and various other proteins essential for the functioning of the cell. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the primary function of ribosomes, making them incorrect choices for this question.

2. A set of integers can be classified as positive, negative, or zero. Which of the following statements about multiplying positive and negative integers is ALWAYS true?

A. The product will always be positive.
B. The product will always be negative.
C. The product will depend on the specific positive and negative numbers used.
D. Positive and negative integers cannot be multiplied

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: When multiplying a positive integer by a negative integer, the product will always be negative. This is a fundamental rule of arithmetic. The sign of the product is determined by the rule that states that a positive number multiplied by a negative number results in a negative number. Therefore, the statement that the product will always be negative is always true when multiplying positive and negative integers.

3. What is the name of the cartilage flap that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway?

A. Epiglottis
B. Glottis
C. Larynx
D. Pharynx

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiglottis. The epiglottis is a cartilage flap located at the base of the tongue that covers the trachea during swallowing. Its main function is to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway and instead directs them towards the esophagus. The glottis (option B) is the space between the vocal cords in the larynx, not a cartilage flap. The larynx (option C) is the voice box located in the throat, and the pharynx (option D) is the throat cavity connecting the mouth and the esophagus. Understanding the role of the epiglottis in protecting the airway during swallowing is crucial for maintaining proper respiratory function.

4. Ms. Valencia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers

A. Span of control
B. Unity of command
C. Carrot and stick principle
D. Esprit dâ€™ corp

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unity of command. Unity of command is a fundamental principle of management stating that each employee should receive orders from only one supervisor to avoid confusion and ensure clarity in the chain of command. In this scenario, Ms. Valencia's responsibility for the number of personnel reporting to her aligns with the concept of unity of command. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor can efficiently manage, while the carrot and stick principle involves motivating employees through rewards and punishments. Esprit dâ€™ corp refers to the sense of unity and camaraderie within a group.

5. What is the scientific name for the kneecap?

A. Patella
B. Femur
C. Tibia
D. Fibula

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is a small, flat, triangular bone that sits at the front of the knee joint. It protects the joint from impact and helps to transmit force from the quadriceps muscle to the tibia (shinbone).

6. Hair follicles are openings in the skin that house

A. Blood vessels (Blood vessels are not housed in hair follicles)
B. Nerve endings (Nerve endings are present but not housed within)
C. Hair shafts and hair roots
D. Sebaceous glands (These glands are often attached to hair follicles)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hair follicles are structures in the skin that house both the hair shaft and the hair root. The hair shaft is the visible part of the hair that extends from the skin's surface, while the hair root is the part embedded within the hair follicle and extends into the deeper layers of the skin. The sebaceous glands, which produce sebum (an oily substance), are typically attached to hair follicles and help lubricate and protect the hair and skin. Blood vessels and nerve endings are present in the skin but are not housed within the hair follicles themselves. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as hair follicles contain both the hair shaft and hair root.