1. Which of the following is a MAJOR consequence of a stroke?

A. Irregular heart rhythm.
B. Rapid weight gain or loss.
C. Brain damage due to interrupted blood flow.
D. Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Brain damage due to interrupted blood flow.' A stroke occurs when there is a sudden interruption in the blood supply to the brain, leading to brain damage. This interruption can result in various consequences such as paralysis, speech and vision problems, cognitive impairments, and in severe cases, even death. Other options like 'Irregular heart rhythm' (A) and 'Chronic fatigue and muscle weakness' (D) can be associated with health conditions but are not direct consequences of a stroke. 'Rapid weight gain or loss' (B) is typically not a major consequence of a stroke compared to the significant impact of brain damage.

2. Which blood type is a universal donor?

A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because individuals with type O blood can donate red blood cells to individuals with any ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without causing an adverse reaction. This is because type O blood lacks A or B antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which helps minimize the risk of an immune response when transfused into individuals with different blood types. Therefore, type O blood is in high demand for blood transfusions in emergency situations when the recipient's blood type is unknown or when there is a shortage of specific blood types.

3. Which of the following conclusions of Ms. Castro about leadership characteristics is TRUE?

A. There is a high correlation between the communication skills of a leader and the ability to get
B. A manager is effective when he has the ability to plan well.
C. Assessment of personal traits is a reliable tool for predicting a managerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s potential.
D. There is good evidence that certain personal qualities favor success in managerial role.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because effective communication skills are essential for a leader to successfully convey ideas, motivate teams, and build relationships. Strong communication skills enable a leader to articulate goals clearly, listen to feedback, and resolve conflicts efficiently. This correlation between communication skills and leadership effectiveness has been well-documented in numerous studies. In contrast, options B, C, and D are not universally true statements about leadership characteristics. While planning skills and personal traits may contribute to effective leadership, they are not as directly linked to leadership success as communication skills. Therefore, option A is the most accurate conclusion about leadership characteristics among the choices provided.

4. What is the significance of the nuclear envelope breaking down during mitosis?

A. It allows the chromosomes to condense and become visible.
B. It allows the spindle apparatus to form and attach to the chromosomes.
C. It allows the sister chromatids to separate.
D. It allows the nuclear material to be evenly distributed to the daughter cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) The breakdown of the nuclear envelope does not directly cause the chromosomes to condense and become visible. Chromosome condensation is a separate process that occurs before mitosis begins. B) The breakdown of the nuclear envelope is crucial for the formation of the spindle apparatus, a structure made of microtubules that helps separate the chromosomes during cell division. The spindle apparatus attaches to the chromosomes and helps move them to opposite poles of the cell. C) The separation of sister chromatids occurs during anaphase, which is facilitated by the spindle apparatus. The breakdown of the nuclear envelope is not directly involved in this process. D) The even distribution of nuclear material to daughter cells is achieved through the movement of chromosomes by the spindle apparatus, which is made possible by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope.

5. What is the "lock-and-key" model?

A. Protein folding
B. Enzyme-substrate interaction
C. Muscle contraction
D. Blood clotting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The "lock-and-key" model is a concept used to describe the specificity of the interaction between enzymes and their substrates. In this model, the enzyme's active site is like a lock that can only be opened by the specific substrate molecule, which acts as the key. This specific binding ensures that enzymes catalyze specific reactions and do not interact with other molecules indiscriminately. Protein folding (option A) refers to the process by which a protein adopts its functional three-dimensional structure, but it is not specifically related to the lock-and-key model. Muscle contraction (option C) and blood clotting (option D) are biological processes that involve complex mechanisms but are not directly related to the lock-and-key model of enzyme-substrate interaction.

6. What is the main argument presented in favor of UBI?

A. It would boost the economy by increasing consumer spending and stimulating businesses.
B. It would guarantee financial stability and improve mental health for all citizens.
C. It would address ethical concerns about income inequality and promote social justice.
D. It would decrease crime rates and improve public safety by reducing poverty and desperation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage emphasizes UBI's potential to alleviate poverty and reduce inequality, aligning with C.