Nursing Elites

1. The number of protons in an atom is determined by its:

• A. Atomic mass
• B. Electron configuration
• C. Chemical properties
• D. Atomic number

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atomic number is a fundamental property of an element and is independent of its mass, electron configuration, or chemical behavior.

2. What is the term for a hydrocarbon chain with no double or triple bonds between carbon atoms?

• A. Saturated
• B. Unsaturated
• C. Aromatic
• D. Alkene

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated hydrocarbon chain has only single bonds between carbon atoms. The other choices are associated with unsaturation or aromaticity.

3. What type of sentence is the following: "Wow, what a beautiful sunset!"

• A. Interrogative sentence
• B. Declarative sentence
• C. Exclamatory sentence
• D. Imperative sentence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sentence expresses an emotion ("Wow") and makes an exclamation, making it an exclamatory sentence.

4. Half-life refers to the characteristic time it takes for:

• A. Radioactive intensity to completely disappear
• B. The number of neutrons in a nucleus to double
• C. The number of protons in a nucleus to change
• D. An isotope to decay by half of its initial quantity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: An isotope to decay by half of its initial quantity. The half-life of a substance is the time it takes for half of the initial quantity of radioactive atoms to decay. This is a characteristic property of each radioactive isotope and is used to determine the rate of decay of a substance. Option A is incorrect because radioactive intensity does not completely disappear in half-life, it only decreases by half. Options B and C are unrelated to the concept of half-life and do not accurately describe its definition.

5. What type of molecule forms the cell membrane and controls what enters and exits the cell?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipids. The cell membrane is primarily composed of a double layer of lipids called phospholipids. These phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails, which arrange themselves to form a barrier that controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell. While proteins are also present in the cell membrane and play important roles in transport and cell signaling, lipids are the main structural component responsible for the selective permeability of the membrane. Carbohydrates are typically found on the outer surface of the membrane and are involved in cell recognition and communication. Nucleic acids are not a major component of the cell membrane; they are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information within the cell.

6. The bones of the skull are classified as what type of bone?

• A. Long bone
• B. Short bone
• C. Flat bone
• D. Irregular bone

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flat bone. The bones of the skull are classified as flat bones due to their thin, flattened shape. Flat bones provide protection to vital organs and have a broad surface for muscle attachment. Long bones, like the femur, are characterized by their elongated shape, while short bones, such as those in the wrist and ankle, are cube-shaped. Irregular bones have complex shapes and do not fit into the other bone categories. In this case, the flat bones of the skull best fit the classification.

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