1. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels?

A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that acts in opposition to insulin. When blood sugar levels are low, glucagon stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which raises blood sugar levels. Insulin, on the other hand, lowers blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose. Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, plays a role in stress response and metabolism but does not directly regulate blood sugar levels. Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism but does not directly affect blood sugar levels. Therefore, glucagon is the hormone that acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels.

2. What is the process by which RNA molecules are modified after transcription but before translation?

A. Replication
B. Splicing
C. Editing
D. Packaging

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Replication: Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce a new DNA molecule. This process does not involve RNA molecules. B) Splicing: Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions (introns) are removed from pre-mRNA and the remaining coding regions (exons) are joined together to form mature mRNA. This process occurs after transcription but before translation. C) Editing: While RNA molecules can undergo editing processes such as RNA editing, this term is not commonly used to describe the modification of RNA molecules after transcription. D) Packaging: Packaging refers to the process by which DNA is condensed and organized into chromatin in eukaryotic cells. This term is not typically used to describe the modification of RNA molecules after transcription.

3. What is the main idea of the following passage: "The internet has revolutionized communication, allowing people to connect instantly from anywhere in the world. Social media platforms, like Facebook and Twitter, have further amplified this connectivity, enabling individuals to share information and ideas on a global scale."

A. The internet is a source of entertainment.
B. Social media is the only way to communicate online.
C. The internet has transformed communication globally.
D. Technology is becoming increasingly complex.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage emphasizes the transformative impact of the internet and social media on communication.

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of intermolecular force?

A. Hydrogen bonding
B. Dipole-dipole interactions
C. Ionic bonding
D. London dispersion forces

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ionic bonding is a type of intramolecular force, holding ions together within an ionic compound. Intermolecular forces are responsible for the interactions between individual molecules.

5. Which of the following is NOT a good scientific practice?

A. Which of the following is NOT a good scientific practice?
B. Selecting data that supports a desired outcome and ignoring contradictory evidence.
C. Peer-reviewing research findings before publication.
D. Replicating experiments to confirm results and validate findings.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Scientific objectivity requires considering all data, regardless of whether it aligns with initial expectations. Selective bias can lead to inaccurate conclusions.

6. The study of fungi is known as:

A. Virology
B. Mycology
C. Bacteriology
D. Parasitology

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Virology is the study of viruses, not fungi. B) Mycology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi. Fungi are a separate kingdom of organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. C) Bacteriology is the study of bacteria, not fungi. D) Parasitology is the study of parasites, which can include various organisms such as protozoa, helminths, and some fungi, but it is not specifically focused on fungi.