ATI TEAS 7
physics
1. Which property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?
- A. Amplitude
- B. Frequency
- C. Wavelength
- D. Speed
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz). Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the height of a wave and is related to the loudness of the sound. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium.
2. Identify the adverb in the following sentence: The patient waited anxiously for the doctor's news.
- A. waited
- B. anxiously
- C. doctor's
- D. news
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In this sentence, "anxiously" describes how the patient "waited".
3. A condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland and excessive production of thyroid hormones is called:
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Hyperthyroidism
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces an excess of thyroid hormones. This can lead to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heart rate, and anxiety. Diabetes mellitus (A) is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypothyroidism (C) is the opposite of hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive. Cushing's syndrome (D) is a disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of the hormone cortisol. Therefore, in this case, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to an overactive thyroid gland.
4. What is the difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?
- A. Emphysema damages alveoli, while chronic bronchitis inflames airways.
- B. Emphysema causes coughing, while chronic bronchitis leads to shortness of breath.
- C. Emphysema is more reversible than chronic bronchitis.
- D. Emphysema affects only smokers, while chronic bronchitis can occur in non-smokers.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are both types of COPD, but they have distinct characteristics. Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, which impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This damage to the alveoli leads to difficulty breathing and decreased lung function. On the other hand, chronic bronchitis involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to excessive mucus production and a persistent cough. While both conditions are chronic and progressive, emphysema primarily affects the alveoli, while chronic bronchitis primarily affects the airways. Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and management of COPD.
5. Define "acceleration" in terms of motion.
- A. Change in velocity over time
- B. Speed in a straight line
- C. Distance covered in a given time
- D. Force applied to an object
Correct answer: a
Rationale: Acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
6. Which of the following guidelines should be least considered in formulating objectives for
- A. Written nursing care plan
- B. Holistic approach
- C. Prescribed standards
- D. Staff preferences
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When formulating objectives for a written nursing care plan, staff preferences should be least considered. Objectives should be based on patient needs, evidence-based practice, and professional standards rather than personal preferences of the staff. Prescribed standards ensure quality care and adherence to best practices. A holistic approach considers the whole patient, including physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects. Staff preferences may introduce bias and should not dictate patient care objectives.
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