1. Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood, sleep, and memory?

A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. Glutamate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood, sleep, and memory. It is known as the 'feel-good' neurotransmitter because it helps to promote feelings of well-being and happiness. Serotonin also contributes to the regulation of sleep patterns and plays a role in memory and learning processes. Dopamine is associated with reward and motivation, acetylcholine with muscle movement and cognitive functions, and glutamate with learning and memory as an excitatory neurotransmitter. Therefore, of the options provided, serotonin is the neurotransmitter most closely linked to mood, sleep, and memory.

2. A medication order is for 250 micrograms of a drug to be administered subcutaneously. The available syringe measures in milliliters. How many milliliters should the nurse draw up?

A. 0.00025 milliliters
B. 0.0025 milliliters
C. 0.025 milliliters
D. 0.25 milliliters

Correct answer: B

Rationale: First convert micrograms to milliliters, knowing 1000 micrograms equal 1 milliliter. Divide the desired dosage (250 micrograms) by the conversion factor (1000 micrograms/milliliter) to find the volume needed: 250 micrograms / 1000 micrograms/milliliter = 0.00025 milliliters. However, drawing such a small volume might be inaccurate, so round to the nearest practical measurement, which is 0.0025 milliliters.

3. During embryonic development, all tissues originate from

A. Epithelial tissue only
B. Muscle tissue only
C. Connective tissue only
D. Embryonic germ layers

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During embryonic development, all tissues originate from the three primary embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These layers give rise to all the different types of tissues found in the body. The ectoderm forms the skin and nervous system, the mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and connective tissues, while the endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it encompasses the comprehensive origin of all tissues in the body during embryonic development.

4. Imagine you have an element with atomic number 11 and mass number 23. How many neutrons does it have?

A. 11
B. 12
C. 23
D. Cannot be determined without additional information

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: - The atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the element has an atomic number of 11. - The mass number (A) of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Given that the mass number is 23 and the atomic number is 11, we can calculate the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 23 - 11 = 12. - Therefore, the element with atomic number 11 and mass number 23 has 12 neutrons.

5. Which property of a wave determines its loudness in sound waves?

A. Amplitude
B. Wavelength
C. Frequency
D. Speed

Correct answer: a

Rationale: Amplitude in sound waves relates to the loudness or intensity of the sound.

6. The outermost layer of your skin is an example of which epithelial tissue type?

A. Simple cuboidal
B. Stratified squamous
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified columnar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stratified squamous. The outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelial tissue is designed to protect underlying tissues from abrasion and external factors. Simple cuboidal epithelium (option A) is typically found in areas where secretion and absorption occur, like in kidney tubules. Simple columnar epithelium (option C) lines the intestines and aids in absorption. Stratified columnar epithelium (option D) is relatively rare in the body and is found in limited areas such as parts of the male urethra. Hence, option B is the best choice as it accurately reflects the specific type of epithelial tissue that forms the outer layer of the skin.