Nursing Elites

1. Which word best describes the relationship between population growth and smart cities in the passage?

• A. Cause and effect
• B. Analogy
• C. Contrast
• D. Similarity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The passage identifies rapid population growth as a challenge that smart cities are proposed to address, establishing a causal connection.

2. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of pregnancy?

• A. Fatigue
• B. Nausea
• C. Increased urination
• D. Loss of appetite

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Loss of appetite." While it is common for pregnant individuals to experience fatigue, nausea, and increased urination due to hormonal changes and the body's adaptations during pregnancy, a loss of appetite is not typically a common symptom. Most pregnant individuals experience increased appetite, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. This increased appetite is often attributed to the body's need for additional nutrients to support the growing fetus. Therefore, the absence of appetite loss makes option D the correct choice in this question.

3. In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce energy. What is the main waste product released?

• A. Water
• B. Carbon dioxide
• C. Oxygen
• D. Protein

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbon dioxide. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. One of the main waste products released in this process is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the metabolic reactions occurring in cells and is expelled from the body through exhalation. Water is also produced during cellular respiration, but it is not the main waste product released. Oxygen is required for cellular respiration to occur, and protein is a macromolecule and not a waste product of cellular respiration.

4. Which of the following factors would increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

• A. Decreasing temperature
• B. Increasing pressure
• C. Decreasing surface area
• D. Increasing particle size

Correct answer: b

Rationale: Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid. The other choices would typically decrease solubility.

5. Maintaining good muscle strength and flexibility as we age becomes important to avoid:

• A. Headaches
• B. Falls
• C. Anxiety
• D. Common cold

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Falls.' Maintaining good muscle strength and flexibility as we age is crucial for preventing falls, which become more common with age and can lead to serious injuries such as fractures. Strong muscles and good flexibility help in maintaining balance and stability, reducing the risk of falls. Headaches, anxiety, and the common cold are not directly related to muscle strength and flexibility, making them less likely to be avoided by focusing on these aspects of physical health.

6. Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardium?

• A. It regulates blood flow through valves within the heart.
• B. It acts as a protective sac surrounding the heart.
• C. It generates the electrical impulses for heart contractions.
• D. It transmits electrical signals between the atria and ventricles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It acts as a protective sac surrounding the heart." The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the heart, providing physical support and preventing overexpansion. It also helps reduce friction between the heart and surrounding structures during heartbeats. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe functions of other parts of the heart such as valves, electrical impulse generation, and transmission pathways, respectively. Understanding the role of the pericardium in protecting the heart is crucial for comprehending the anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiovascular system.

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