ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. What is the difference between a phylum and a class?
- A. Phylums are broader and more general
- B. Classes are broader and more general
- C. They are synonyms, used for the same groups
- D. Phylums are for plants, classes are for animals
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: In biological classification, a phylum is a higher taxonomic rank than a class. Phylum is a broader category that includes multiple classes within it. Phylum represents a group of organisms sharing a common body plan or evolutionary history, while a class is a more specific category within a phylum that includes organisms with similar characteristics. Therefore, phylums are broader and more general compared to classes.
2. What checkpoint mechanism ensures all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase begins?
- A. Prometaphase
- B. Prometaphase
- C. Cyclin degradation
- D. Sister chromatid cohesion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A) Prometaphase is the correct answer because it is the stage of mitosis where all chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers before anaphase begins. During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the spindle fibers to attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. This attachment is necessary for proper chromosome alignment and segregation during anaphase. B) Metaphase is incorrect because it is the stage where chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate but do not necessarily have all spindle fibers attached. C) Cyclin degradation is incorrect because it is a regulatory mechanism that controls the progression of the cell cycle but is not specifically related to ensuring all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers. D) Sister chromatid cohesion is incorrect because it refers to the physical connection between sister chromatids that is maintained until anaphase, but it does not ensure that all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers.
3. Based on the passage, the author's stance on AI is likely to be
- A. Unconditionally enthusiastic, embracing all forms of AI development without reservations.
- B. Cautiously optimistic, acknowledging both the potential and risks while advocating for responsible use.
- C. Strongly critical, focusing solely on the potential dangers of AI and advocating for its complete halt.
- D. Apathetic and indifferent, lacking any strong opinion on the impact or future of AI.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The emphasis on balancing benefits and risks suggests a cautious and balanced perspective, aligning with B.
4. After exposure to a pathogen, the immune system develops memory. What type of immune cell is responsible for this immunological memory?
- A. B cells
- B. T cells (specifically memory T cells)
- C. Phagocytes
- D. Natural killer cells
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "B cells." B cells are responsible for generating immunological memory after exposure to a pathogen. When B cells encounter a pathogen, they differentiate into memory B cells, which can quickly recognize and respond to the pathogen upon subsequent exposure. These memory B cells are crucial for mounting a faster and more effective immune response, leading to a quicker clearance of the pathogen. T cells, phagocytes, and natural killer cells play important roles in the immune response, but specifically, memory B cells are responsible for immunological memory.
5. What is the scientific term for the windpipe, a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Trachea
- C. Epiglottis
- D. Bronchiole
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trachea. The trachea is the scientific term for the windpipe, which is a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi. The pharynx is the throat area where the mouth and nasal passages meet. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. Bronchioles are smaller airway branches in the lungs. Therefore, the trachea best fits the description of a tube carrying air from the larynx to the bronchi.
6. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume but can flow?
- A. Solid
- B. Liquid
- C. Gas
- D. Plasma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Liquids have a definite volume but can take the shape of their container, unlike solids with fixed shapes and volumes.
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