Nursing Elites

1. Which type of isomerism arises due to differences in the arrangement of atoms around a double bond?

• A. Chain isomerism
• B. Functional group isomerism
• C. Cis-trans isomerism
• D. Stereoisomerism

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cis-trans isomerism. Cis-trans isomerism, also known as geometric isomerism, arises due to differences in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond. In cis isomers, similar groups are on the same side of the double bond, while in trans isomers, similar groups are on opposite sides. This type of isomerism is specific to compounds with restricted rotation around a double bond, leading to distinct spatial arrangements and different properties. Chain isomerism (A) refers to isomers with different carbon chain arrangements, functional group isomerism (B) involves different functional groups, and stereoisomerism (D) encompasses all isomers that have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.

2. She reads about Path Goal theory. Which of the following behaviors is manifested by the

• A. Recognizes staff for going beyond expectations by giving them citations
• B. Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice
• C. Admonishes staff for being laggards.
• D. Reminds staff about the sanctions for non performance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Challenges the staff to take individual accountability for their own practice.' Path-Goal theory emphasizes the leader's role in motivating and guiding their team to achieve goals. This behavior aligns with the theory as it focuses on empowering employees to take ownership of their actions and responsibilities. By challenging staff to be individually accountable, the leader is providing clear direction and support, which can enhance motivation and performance within the team. Recognizing and rewarding staff for going beyond expectations (option A) would be more aligned with a transformational leadership style. Admonishing staff for being laggards (option C) and reminding staff about sanctions (option D) are not effective leadership behaviors according to the Path-Goal theory, as they do not focus on motivating and supporting employees to reach their goals.

3. What are the three main types of RNA?

• A. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
• B. DNA, RNA, and protein
• C. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
• D. Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B lists DNA, RNA, and protein, which are biomolecules but not the three main types of RNA. - Option C lists nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) found in DNA, not types of RNA. - Option D lists components of nucleotides (deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate), which are building blocks of nucleic

4. Which technique best helps maintain consistency in writing style?

• A. Writing freely without a clear outline or structure.
• B. Using different vocabulary and sentence structures in each paragraph.
• C. Establishing a style guide with agreed-upon terminology and formatting.
• D. Relying on thesaurus suggestions for varied word choices.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A style guide ensures consistency in tone, terminology, and formatting across different pieces of writing.

5. Which hormone, produced by the pineal gland, plays a role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and is often associated with the body's internal circadian rhythm?

• A. Melatonin
• B. Serotonin
• C. Dopamine
• D. Endorphin

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and is closely tied to the body's circadian rhythm. It is often referred to as the 'sleep hormone' because it helps signal to the body when it is time to sleep and wake up. Serotonin (option B) is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation and happiness. Dopamine (option C) is involved in reward-motivated behavior and movement. Endorphins (option D) are neuropeptides that act as natural painkillers and contribute to feelings of pleasure. Therefore, Melatonin is the hormone associated with the body's internal circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles.

6. Dense irregular connective tissue, found in tendons and ligaments, provides:

• A. Flexibility
• B. Lubrication
• C. Insulation
• D. Tensile strength

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Tensile strength.' Dense irregular connective tissue is composed of tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in a random pattern, providing resistance to tension forces. This structural arrangement is ideal for tendons and ligaments, as they need to withstand pulling and stretching forces. 'Flexibility' (A) is more characteristic of elastic fibers, 'Lubrication' (B) is provided by synovial fluid in joints, and 'Insulation' (C) is typically associated with adipose tissue. Therefore, tensile strength is the primary function of dense irregular connective tissue in tendons and ligaments.

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