1. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of paraprofessional workers

A. Case method
B. Modular nursing
C. Nursing case management
D. Team nursing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Case method.' The case method of nursing care involves the care provided by a group of paraprofessional workers, such as nursing assistants or aides, under the supervision of professional nurses. In this model, the nursing team works together to deliver care to a group of patients based on their specific needs and conditions. This method allows for efficient and coordinated care delivery, with each member of the team playing a crucial role in meeting the patients' healthcare needs. It is important for nurses to effectively delegate tasks and supervise paraprofessional workers in the case method model to ensure high-quality care and patient safety.

2. What is the Golgi apparatus?

A. A network of tubules that transport proteins and lipids throughout the cell
B. A sac-like structure that stores water and nutrients
C. The site of protein synthesis
D. The site of protein modification and packaging

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is an organelle in the cell responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations. It consists of a series of flattened sacs called cisternae and plays a crucial role in processing proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Option A is incorrect because the network of tubules that transport proteins and lipids throughout the cell is typically associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Option B is incorrect as the structure described is more characteristic of a vacuole, which stores water and nutrients. Option C is incorrect as protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes, not the Golgi apparatus.

3. The adaptive immune system has two main branches: humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?

A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. B cells
D. Natural killer cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: B cells. B cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies. When activated by antigens, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies. Helper T cells (option A) primarily assist in activating B cells and other immune cells. Cytotoxic T cells (option B) are involved in cell-mediated immunity, where they directly kill infected cells. Natural killer cells (option D) are part of the innate immune system and target virus-infected and cancerous cells. Therefore, B cells are the immune cells primarily responsible for antibody production in the adaptive immune system.

4. What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

A. To synthesize lipids and other cellular components
B. To package and transport proteins
C. To break down macromolecules
D. To translate mRNA into proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) and use this information to assemble amino acids into a specific sequence, forming a protein. This process is known as translation and is essential for the production of proteins that carry out various functions in the cell. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the primary function of ribosomes in the cell.

5. Discern the INCORRECT function of the liver.

A. Bile production, aiding digestion.
B. Blood protein synthesis, such as albumin.
C. Glucose storage for energy regulation.
D. Filtration of waste products from the blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Correct - The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. B) Correct - The liver is responsible for synthesizing blood proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood. C) Correct - The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood sugar levels by releasing glucose when needed. D) Incorrect - The liver does not filter waste products from the blood. Instead, the kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine.

6. What happens to the frequency of a wave when its wavelength is doubled, assuming the speed remains constant?

A. Frequency remains the same.
B. Frequency is halved.
C. Frequency is doubled.
D. Frequency information is insufficient to determine.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Since the wave speed is constant, if the wavelength increases, the frequency must decrease to maintain the same energy transfer per unit time.