Nursing Elites

1. Deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, has a nucleus containing:

• A. A single proton
• B. A proton and a neutron
• C. Two protons and an electron
• D. Two neutrons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'A proton and a neutron.' Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with an atomic number of 1, meaning it has 1 proton in its nucleus. However, deuterium also has a neutron in its nucleus, making it different from regular hydrogen which only has a proton in its nucleus. Therefore, deuterium has a nucleus containing both a proton and a neutron, making option B the correct choice.

2. How does an increase in temperature generally affect the solubility of most solid solutes in a liquid solvent?

• A. It increases solubility
• B. It decreases solubility
• C. It has no effect on solubility
• D. It depends on the nature of the solute

Correct answer: a

Rationale: In general, increasing temperature tends to increase the solubility of most solid solutes in liquid solvents. The other choices do not accurately describe the effect of temperature on solubility.

3. Your hypothesis predicts that exposing plants to classical music will enhance their growth. How could you design an experiment to test this hypothesis?

• A. Play classical music to all plants in the greenhouse and compare their growth to a control group without music.
• B. Select plants with personal preferences for classical music and compare their growth to plants who dislike it.
• C. Play different genres of music to separate plants and analyze which genre promotes the most growth.
• D. Observe the behavior of plants listening to music and measure their happiness levels.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To test the hypothesis that exposing plants to classical music enhances their growth, the most appropriate experimental design would be to play classical music to all plants in the greenhouse (experimental group) and compare their growth to a control group of plants that are not exposed to any music. This design allows for a direct comparison between the effects of classical music exposure on plant growth, eliminating confounding variables that may arise from individual plant preferences or different music genres.

4. What is the name of the microscopic filtering unit within the kidney responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation?

• A. Nephron
• B. Ureteric bud
• C. Renal pyramid
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephron. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation. It consists of the renal corpuscle, including the glomerulus for filtration, and the renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion. The other options, such as the ureteric bud, renal pyramid, and glomerulus, are structures within the kidney but do not specifically refer to the filtering unit responsible for waste removal and blood volume regulation like the nephron does.

5. What is the name of the structure that packages DNA in eukaryotic cells?

• A. Nucleosome
• B. Chromatin
• C. Histone
• D. Centromere

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: - A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells. It consists of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. - Chromatin refers to the complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, including nucleosomes. - Histones are the proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form nucleosomes. - Centromere is a region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.

6. The critical angle is defined as the minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium for which light undergoes:

• A. Total internal reflection
• B. Continued refraction
• C. Specular reflection
• D. Increased dispersion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence at which light is totally internally reflected rather than refracted. When light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, it undergoes total internal reflection. This phenomenon is crucial in applications like fiber optics and mirages. Continued refraction (option B) occurs when light enters a medium at an angle less than the critical angle. Specular reflection (option C) refers to the reflection of light at a smooth surface. Increased dispersion (option D) involves the separation of light into its constituent colors due to varying refractive indices, which is not directly related to the critical angle. Therefore, the correct answer is A - total internal reflection.

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