Nursing Elites

1. Antiparticles possess properties opposite to their corresponding particles. Which of the following is the antiparticle of a neutron?

• A. Antineutrino
• B. Positron
• C. Antiproton
• D. Electron

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antineutrino. Antiparticles possess properties that are opposite to their corresponding particles. A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Its antiparticle, the antineutrino, has opposite properties, such as having no electric charge compared to the neutron's neutral charge. A positron (B) is the antiparticle of an electron, an antiproton (C) is the antiparticle of a proton, and an electron (D) is not an antiparticle. Therefore, the antiparticle of a neutron is the antineutrino.

2. Urinary system health can be maintained through various lifestyle practices. Which of the following is NOT recommended for optimal urinary system health?

• A. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet
• B. Consuming adequate amounts of cranberry juice
• C. Holding urine in the bladder for long periods
• D. Getting regular moderate-intensity exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Holding urine in the bladder for long periods. This is not recommended for optimal urinary system health because it can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and bladder problems. It is important to empty the bladder regularly to prevent bacteria from multiplying and causing infections. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet helps maintain kidney health by reducing the risk of kidney stones and high blood pressure. Consuming cranberry juice can help prevent urinary tract infections due to its antibacterial properties. Regular moderate-intensity exercise promotes overall health, including good circulation to the kidneys and bladder.

3. The discovery of nuclear fission is credited to:

• A. Marie Curie
• B. Albert Einstein
• C. Enrico Fermi
• D. Ernest Rutherford

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Enrico Fermi. Enrico Fermi is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. In 1934, Fermi conducted experiments in which he bombarded uranium atoms with neutrons, leading to the splitting of the uranium nucleus and the release of energy. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for the development of nuclear reactors and atomic bombs. Marie Curie made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity, but she did not discover nuclear fission. Albert Einstein is known for his theory of relativity, not for the discovery of nuclear fission. Ernest Rutherford made important contributions to the understanding of atomic structure, but he did not discover nuclear fission. Therefore, Enrico Fermi is the correct answer for the discovery of nuclear fission.

4. A new drug successfully treats a disease in mice. This suggests the drug will also be effective in humans. True or False? False. Animal models don't always perfectly translate to humans due to biological differences. Further testing in humans is crucial before drawing conclusions about safety and efficacy. A conclusion based on scientific evidence should be:

• A. Unquestionable and accepted by all scientists.
• B. Open to revision and further testing as new evidence emerges.
• C. Based solely on expert opinions and authority figures.
• D. Always presented as absolute truth with no room for doubt.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Scientific conclusions should always be open to revision and further testing as new evidence emerges. Science is a dynamic process that involves continuous questioning, testing, and refining of ideas based on the most current evidence available. It is essential to remain open-minded and willing to adjust conclusions in light of new information to ensure the most accurate and reliable understanding of the natural world.

5. What is the milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels called?

• A. Plasma
• B. Blood
• C. Chyle
• D. Mucus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The milky-white fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called 'Chyle.' Chyle is formed in the small intestine during the absorption of fats. It primarily consists of lymph and emulsified fats. Plasma refers to the liquid component of blood, while blood carries red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Mucus is a slimy substance produced by mucous membranes. Therefore, option C, 'Chyle,' is the correct answer in this context.

6. Which of the following is a weak acid commonly found in citrus fruits?

• A. Sulfuric acid (Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Citric acid
• D. Nitric acid (HNO₃)

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Citric acid is a weak acid commonly found in citrus fruits. The other choices are strong acids.

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