Nursing Elites

1. In meiosis I, how are sister chromatids distinguished from homologous chromosomes?

• A. Sister chromatids share the same centromere, while homologues have different centromeres.
• B. Sister chromatids have identical DNA sequences, while homologues have slightly different sequences due to crossing over.
• C. Sister chromatids repel each other, while homologues attract each other during synapsis.
• D. Sister chromatids separate during anaphase I, while homologues separate during anaphase II.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: While sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome, homologous chromosomes are paired copies, each inherited from one parent. Crossing over during meiosis I can lead to slight differences in their DNA sequences.

2. How does the stability of an atom's nucleus influence its radioactive decay?

• A. Stable nuclei never undergo radioactive decay.
• B. Unstable nuclei are more likely to decay through various processes.
• C. Decay releases energy, making stable nuclei more prone to it.
• D. The element's position on the periodic table determines its decay rate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Unstable nuclei are more likely to decay through various processes. The stability of an atom's nucleus is a key factor in determining whether it will undergo radioactive decay. Unstable nuclei have an excess of either protons or neutrons, leading to an imbalance in the nucleus. To achieve a more stable configuration, these nuclei will undergo radioactive decay by emitting particles or energy. Stable nuclei, on the other hand, are less likely to undergo radioactive decay as they have a balanced number of protons and neutrons.

3. What type of joint allows for the most movement?

• A. Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder)
• B. Hinge joint (elbow)
• C. Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists)
• D. Suture joint (skull)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A ball-and-socket joint allows for the most movement among the options provided. This type of joint is characterized by a rounded end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. The shoulder joint is a prime example of a ball-and-socket joint, enabling movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. In contrast, a hinge joint (option B) like the elbow primarily allows for movement in one plane (flexion and extension). Fibrocartilaginous joints (option C) like the wrists have limited movement due to the presence of cartilage between the bones. Suture joints (option D) in the skull are immovable joints that provide structural support but do not allow for significant movement.

4. Which sentence uses the correlative conjunction "either/or" correctly?

• A. You can either come to the party or stay home.
• B. Either she will go to the concert, or he will.
• C. I'm not sure whether I should go swimming or running.
• D. He likes both pizza and pasta, so he can have either.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option Aa uses "either/or" to present two exclusive options.

5. What are some potential applications of understanding atomic structure in modern technology?

• A. Designing new materials with tailored properties.
• B. Developing advanced electronics and nanotechnology
• C. Improving nuclear energy production and safety.
• D. All of the above.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding atomic structure is crucial in various technological advancements. Designing new materials with tailored properties requires knowledge of atomic structure to manipulate their characteristics. Developing advanced electronics and nanotechnology involves working at the atomic level to create smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. Improving nuclear energy production and safety also relies on understanding atomic structure to enhance reactor design and safety measures. Therefore, all of the options provided (A, B, and C) are potential applications of understanding atomic structure in modern technology.

6. Osteoporosis is a condition leading to weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. Which hormone plays a key role in bone health and is often affected in osteoporosis?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Thyroid hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen plays a crucial role in bone health by promoting the activity of bone-forming cells and inhibiting bone breakdown. In women, estrogen levels decrease significantly during menopause, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis. This hormone helps maintain bone density and strength, making it essential for preventing bone loss and fractures. Testosterone, while important for overall health, does not have as significant of an impact on bone health as estrogen does. Thyroid hormone and insulin also have roles in the body, but they are not as directly linked to bone health as estrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Estrogen.

Similar Questions