Nursing Elites

1. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• A. Both are double-stranded.
• B. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
• C. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine.
• D. Both are identical molecules.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) Incorrect. DNA is double-stranded, but RNA is typically single-stranded. B) Correct. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon of the sugar ring, while RNA contains ribose sugar, which has an additional hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon. C) Incorrect. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine. D) Incorrect. DNA and RNA have distinct structures and functions, so they are not identical molecules.

2. What is the formula for calculating density?

• A. Density = Volume / Mass
• B. Density = Mass × Volume
• C. Density = Mass / Volume
• D. Density = Volume - Mass

Correct answer: c

Rationale: Density is defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume. The formula for density is Density = Mass / Volume.

3. Which word completes the sentence "He was ____ by the unexpected turn of events."

• A. elated (joyful)
• B. bewildered (confused)
• C. vindicated (justified)
• D. apathetic (uninterested)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Bewildered" best describes the confusion caused by the unexpected events.

4. What are isotopes?

• A. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons.
• B. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• C. Atoms of different elements with the same number of protons.
• D. Atoms of different elements with the same number of electrons.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers (A). For example, carbon-12 (¹²C), carbon-13 (¹³C), and carbon-14 (¹⁴C) are all isotopes of carbon. They all have six protons in their nuclei, but they have different numbers of neutrons: carbon-12 has six neutrons, carbon-13 has seven neutrons, and carbon-14 has eight neutrons.

5. What is the strongest evidence for evolution?

• A. The fossil record
• B. Comparative anatomy
• C. Biogeography
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) The fossil record provides evidence of how organisms have changed over time, showing transitional forms and the progression of species. B) Comparative anatomy involves studying the similarities and differences in the structures of different species, which can reveal common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. C) Biogeography examines the distribution of species around the world, which can be explained by evolution and continental drift. By considering all of the above evidence together, scientists can build a comprehensive understanding of evolution and how species have changed and diversified over time.

6. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons and conducts them toward the cell body?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and conduct them toward the cell body. They have numerous branches and are covered in synapses, allowing them to receive signals from multiple neurons. The axon, on the other hand, conducts signals away from the cell body towards other neurons or to muscles or glands. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs, and the myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates and speeds up the conduction of electrical impulses along the axon. Therefore, the dendrite is specifically designed to receive and integrate incoming signals, making it the correct answer in this case.

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