ATI TEAS 7
Biology
1. What is the purpose of the spindle apparatus in cell division?
- A. To separate sister chromatids
- B. To move chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
- C. To form a new nuclear envelope around each daughter cell
- D. To synthesize new DNA
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The spindle apparatus is a structure composed of microtubules that plays a crucial role in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Its main purpose is to ensure the proper separation and distribution of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during cell division. This process is essential for the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells in mitosis or four haploid daughter cells in meiosis. Option A is incorrect because the separation of sister chromatids specifically refers to the role of the kinetochore fibers within the spindle apparatus. Option C is incorrect because the formation of a new nuclear envelope occurs after the chromosomes have been properly segregated. Option D is incorrect because DNA synthesis does not occur within the spindle apparatus; it takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle.
2. What happens during a physical change in matter?
- A. A new substance with different properties is formed
- B. The chemical composition of the substance changes
- C. The original substance can be recovered by physical means
- D. Energy is either released or absorbed
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During a physical change in matter, the original substance undergoes a change in its physical state or appearance without any change in its chemical composition. This means that the original substance can be recovered by physical means, such as melting, freezing, boiling, or condensing. No new substance is formed (option A), the chemical composition remains the same (option B), and energy changes can occur but are not a defining characteristic of a physical change (option D).
3. How can you predict the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position on the periodic table?
- A. Look for elements with similar atomic weights
- B. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
- C. Identify the group number, which often indicates the typical ionic charge
- D. Analyze the element's position within the period
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The group number of an element on the periodic table often indicates the typical ionic charge it will form. Elements in the same group tend to have similar chemical properties, including the tendency to gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This predictable pattern allows us to anticipate the charge of an ion formed by an element based on its position in the periodic table.
4. What is the name of the master gland that regulates the function of many other endocrine glands?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it plays a crucial role in regulating the function of many other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that control various processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. The thyroid gland (A) primarily regulates metabolism, the hypothalamus (C) helps control the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland (D) produces hormones involved in stress response. Therefore, the pituitary gland is the main gland responsible for coordinating the activities of other endocrine glands, earning it the title of the master gland.
5. Describe the concept of inertia in terms of Newton's first law.
- A. Objects in motion tend to remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force
- B. Objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force
- C. An object's resistance to a change in its state of motion
- D. The force required to lift an object
Correct answer: c
Rationale: Inertia refers to an object's tendency to maintain its current state of motion (either at rest or in motion) unless acted upon by an external force.
6. The theory of evolution by natural selection suggests that:
- A. Organisms evolve towards perfection
- B. Traits are acquired through use and disuse
- C. Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: A) Organisms evolve towards perfection - This statement is incorrect. Evolution by natural selection does not suggest that organisms evolve towards perfection. Instead, it emphasizes the adaptation of organisms to their environment over time. B) Traits are acquired through use and disuse - This statement reflects Lamarck's theory of evolution, not Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Lamarck proposed that organisms could acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on to their offspring, which has been largely discredited. C) Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more - This statement accurately reflects the central concept of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Individuals with traits that are advantageous in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. D) All of the above - This option is incorrect because not all of the statements are true. Only option C a
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