Nursing Elites

1. When light interacts with a perfectly smooth surface, like a mirror, the dominant interaction is:

• A. Refraction
• B. Diffraction
• C. Total internal reflection
• D. Specular reflection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Specular reflection. When light interacts with a perfectly smooth surface like a mirror, it undergoes specular reflection, where the light rays are reflected at the same angle as the incident angle. Refraction (option A) occurs when light passes from one medium to another at an angle, causing it to change direction. Diffraction (option B) is the bending of light waves around obstacles or through small openings. Total internal reflection (option C) occurs when light traveling in a medium strikes the boundary with another medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing the light to reflect back into the original medium. In the case of a perfectly smooth surface, specular reflection is the dominant interaction as the light rays reflect in a single direction with minimal scattering or diffraction.

2. What is the largest muscle in the human body?

• A. Gluteus maximus (buttocks)
• B. Quadriceps femoris (thighs)
• C. Erector spinae (back)
• D. Pectoralis major (chest)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body, located at the back of the hip and extending from the sacrum to the femur. It is a powerful muscle that plays a crucial role in extending the hip joint, enabling walking, running, and climbing stairs.

3. Which element makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere?

• A. Nitrogen
• B. Oxygen
• C. Carbon dioxide
• D. Argon

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, crucial for plant life and maintaining the planet's temperature balance.

4. The fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles is called the:

• A. Nucleus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Plasma membrane
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the fluid-filled, jelly-like substance within the cell that suspends the organelles. It is where many cellular processes take place, such as metabolism and protein synthesis. The nucleus (option A) is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, the plasma membrane (option C) is the outer boundary of the cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell, and the Golgi apparatus (option D) is involved in processing and packaging proteins. Understanding the functions of each organelle is crucial in recognizing that the cytoplasm is the correct answer in this context.

5. The study of the geographical distribution of organisms and the factors that influence it is known as:

• A. Paleontology (the study of fossils)
• B. Taxonomy (the classification of organisms)
• C. Biogeography
• D. Population genetics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of organisms and the factors that influence their distribution patterns. This field of study examines how and why species are distributed where they are, considering factors such as historical events, ecological interactions, and physical geography. Paleontology (option A) is the study of fossils and the history of life on Earth, focusing on extinct organisms. Taxonomy (option B) is the science of classifying and naming organisms based on their characteristics. Population genetics (option D) is the study of genetic variation and evolutionary processes within populations of organisms. In this context, biogeography is the most appropriate choice as it specifically deals with the distribution of organisms in space and time.

6. What is the principle behind the phenomenon of refraction, where waves bend when entering a new medium?

• A. Change in wavelength
• B. Change in frequency
• C. Change in wave speed
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refraction occurs because of the change in wave speed as it enters a new medium, causing the wavefront to bend and change direction.

Similar Questions