Nursing Elites

1. Which sentence uses the semicolon correctly?

• A. The play was long; however, it was very entertaining.
• B. The guests arrived; Sarah greeted them at the door.
• C. John likes apples; Mary prefers oranges.
• D. He was tired; he went to bed early.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B joins two independent clauses related to the same event.

2. What is the name of the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle?

• A. Epimysium
• B. Perimysium
• C. Endomysium
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epimysium. The epimysium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle. It provides protection and support to the muscle fibers within, as well as helps in transmitting forces generated by the muscle. Perimysium (B) is the connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles, while endomysium (C) is the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers. Myofibril (D) is a structure within muscle fibers that contains the contractile units responsible for muscle contraction. Therefore, in this context, the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is specifically referred to as the epimysium.

3. What are the building blocks of proteins?

• A. Sugars
• B. Fatty acids
• C. Amino acids
• D. Nucleotides

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Proteins are macromolecules made up of long chains of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures to carry out various functions in the body. Sugars (A) are the building blocks of carbohydrates, fatty acids (B) are the building blocks of lipids, and nucleotides (D) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

4. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing kidney stones?

• A. Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
• B. Maintaining adequate hydration with water
• C. Having a family history of kidney stones
• D. Regularly engaging in moderate exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Having a family history of kidney stones is a risk factor for developing them because genetics play a role in kidney stone formation. Individuals with a family history are more likely to inherit genetic factors that increase the likelihood of developing kidney stones. While consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintaining adequate hydration with water, and regularly engaging in moderate exercise are generally healthy habits that can help prevent kidney stones, they are not direct risk factors for developing them. Therefore, option C, having a family history of kidney stones, is the correct answer.

5. What is a contraceptive method that uses hormones to prevent ovulation?

• A. Spermicide
• B. Barrier method (condom, diaphragm)
• C. Combined oral contraceptive pill
• D. Intrauterine device (IUD)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Combined oral contraceptive pill. This method uses hormones, such as estrogen and progestin, to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus to block sperm, and thin the uterine lining to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg. Spermicide (A) is a chemical that kills sperm but does not prevent ovulation. Barrier methods (B) like condoms and diaphragms physically block sperm from reaching the egg. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) (D) are inserted into the uterus and work by either releasing hormones or creating a barrier to prevent fertilization, but they do not specifically target ovulation.

6. The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is called a:

• A. Neuron
• B. Astrocyte
• C. Neurotransmitter
• D. Synapse

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is a neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. They form complex networks to relay messages throughout the body. Astrocytes are support cells that help maintain the environment around neurons. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons at synapses. A synapse is a junction between two neurons where communication occurs. However, the primary unit responsible for communication in the nervous system is the neuron, making it the correct answer.

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