1. The gland located on top of the kidneys responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance is the:

A. Thyroid gland
B. Pituitary gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Parathyroid gland

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance by secreting hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol. The thyroid gland (A) regulates metabolism, the pituitary gland (B) controls other endocrine glands, and the parathyroid gland (D) regulates calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the adrenal gland is specifically responsible for the functions mentioned in the question, making it the correct choice.

2. What property of a wave is responsible for determining its energy?

A. Amplitude
B. Wavelength
C. Frequency
D. Velocity

Correct answer: a

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave determines its energy, with higher amplitudes corresponding to higher energy levels.

3. Identify the adverb in the following sentence: The patient waited anxiously for the doctor's news.

A. waited
B. anxiously
C. doctor's
D. news

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In this sentence, "anxiously" describes how the patient "waited".

4. What is the oxidation state of carbon in CH4?

A. +1
B. -1
C. +2
D. -4

Correct answer: d

Rationale: Each hydrogen atom has an oxidation state of +1, and the sum of oxidation states in CH4 is 0. Therefore, carbon has an oxidation state of -4.

5. A children's toy consists of a half cylinder (diameter 10cm, height 8cm) attached to a cube with side lengths of 5cm. What is the total volume of the toy?

A. 125 cu cm
B. 200 cu cm
C. 275 cu cm
D. 350 cu cm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calculate the volume of the half cylinder and the cube separately, then add them up.

6. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

A. Muscle wasting
B. Night blindness
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition caused by a deficiency of dietary protein. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema (swelling due to fluid retention), skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and muscle wasting. Muscle wasting is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to the body breaking down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) is caused by a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is a condition resulting from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.