HESI RN
Biology Test
1. Which of the following is not true of mitosis?
- A. Mitosis produces daughter cells
- B. Mitosis has five main stages
- C. Mitosis can only be done by haploids
- D. Following mitosis, daughter cells are identical to parent cells
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mitosis occurs in diploid cells and involves stages that result in the production of two identical daughter cells. Haploids do not undergo mitosis, as mitosis is a process specific to diploid cells. Choice A is true as mitosis does produce daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect as mitosis typically consists of four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Choice D is true, as one of the main outcomes of mitosis is the production of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
2. In which of the following does cellular respiration take place?
- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Ribosome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Mitochondrion. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, where glucose is converted into energy through a series of metabolic processes. Choice A, Golgi apparatus, is incorrect as it is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Choice C, Chloroplast, is incorrect as it is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, not cellular respiration. Choice D, Ribosome, is incorrect as it is responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production through cellular respiration.
3. What percentage of the offspring of the parents is predicted to have a cleft chin?
- A. 25%
- B. 50%
- C. 0%
- D. 75%
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin and the other does not, there is a 25% chance of the offspring inheriting the cleft chin. This is due to the fact that the trait follows a simple Mendelian inheritance pattern, where the offspring would need to inherit the recessive gene from both parents to express the trait. Therefore, 25% of the offspring are predicted to have a cleft chin. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the likelihood of inheriting a cleft chin in this specific scenario is 25%, not 50%, 0%, or 75%.
4. During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to disappear and the chromosomes start attaching to the spindle forming along the cell's axis?
- A. Prometaphase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Prophase
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Prometaphase. During prometaphase, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, and chromosomes start attaching to spindle fibers. In metaphase, chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids, and prophase involves the condensation of chromosomes and the beginning of spindle formation.
5. Water is a polar molecule that can be:
- A. cohesive and corrosive
- B. cohesive and adhesive
- C. electrostatic and ionic
- D. repellent and attractive
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Water is a polar molecule due to an uneven distribution of electrons, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds. This property makes water both cohesive (attracted to itself) and adhesive (attracted to other substances). Choice A is incorrect because water is not corrosive; rather, it is a solvent. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not describe the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.
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